Polder soils develop from oceanic and lacustrine sediments covered with seawater, brackish water, and freshwater after artificial drainage. (Nishikura, Seri & Kawahigashi, Masayuki. (2024). Effect of particle size distribution of sediments on development of polder soils in Japan. Journal of Soils and Sediments. 1-10. 10.1007/s11368-024-03831-9.)
An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form. (National Library of Medicine. MeSH (Medical Subject Headings), Arginine MeSH Descriptor Data 2024, https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D001120)
Systematic process by which a government or central authority formulates a strategic framework to guide the economic, social, and infrastructural development of a country over a specified period. (FAOLEX. 2025. Glossary https://www.fao.org/faolex/)
Polishing is the process of creating a smooth and shiny surface by rubbing it or by applying a chemical treatment. (Wikipedia, 2024. Polishing. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polishing)
Political systems are the formal and informal political processes by which decisions are made concerning the use, production and distribution of resources in any given society. (Scott, Z. and Mcloughlin, C., (2014). Political Systems: Topic Guide, Birmingham: GSDRC, University of Birmingham, UK)
Navigation safety is defined as a relatively constant state, clear of dangers provided by the system of international and national technical, organizational, economic, social, and juridical standards, which are aimed at the reduction and prevention of accidents at sea to provide safety of life and property at sea and marine environmental protection. (Torskiy, V., Topalov, V.P., Chesnokova, M.V. (2016). Conceptual Grounds of Navigation Safety. TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, Vol. 10, No. 1, doi:10.12716/1001.10.01.08, pp. 79‐82. IN "Overview of Definitions of Maritime Safety, Safety at Sea,
Navigational Safety and Safety in General "DOI: 10.12716/1001.13.02.03)
The initial removal of the top of a young tree at a prescribed height to encourage multistem branching from that point, traditionally for fodder, firewood or poles. (Arboricultural Association, 2023. A brief guide to tree work terminology and definitions https://www.trees.org.uk/Help-Advice/Public/A-brief-guide-to-tree-work-terminology-and-definit)
Powdery grains produced by angiosperm anthers or microsporangia of gymnosperms, which contain the nucleus that fertilizes the oosphere to form a seed (The pollination of cultivated plants: a compendium for practitioners, FAO, 2018)
Pathophysiology (a.k.a. physiopathology) – a convergence of pathology with physiology – is the study of the disordered physiological processes that cause, result from, or are otherwise associated with a disease or injury. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathophysiology)
Self-incompatibility is a mechanism that prevents self-fertilization and encourages fertilization by genetically unrelated individuals. (Martins, S., Rovira, M., Silva, A.P. and Carnide, V. (2012). POLLEN INCOMPATIBILITY IN PORTUGUESE HAZELNUT LANDRACES. Acta Hortic. 932, 149-154
DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2012.932.22
https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2012.932.22)
