A process whereby a selection decision is made indirectly based on markers, typically genotypes of DNA markers, linked to a trait of interest. Marker assisted selection is especially useful for traits that are difficult or lethal to measure, exhibit low heritability and/or are expressed late in development. (FAO. 2025. Glossary for aquatic genetic resources for food and agriculture. CGRFA-20/25/6.2/Inf.1. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd4254en)
Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe (from Latin ferrum 'iron') and atomic number 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron)
Kelvin–Helmholtz instability is the name given, since the 1940s, to an instability of a shear layer in a fluid, which is the mechanism of many phenomena observed in the atmosphere and oceans (Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences (Second Edition), 2015 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-382225-3.00190-0)
Treatment with any type of ionizing radiation. (IPPC Secretariat. 2024. Explanatory document on ISPM 5 (Glossary of Phytosanitary Terms). Rome. FAO on behalf of the Secretariat of the
International Plant Protection Convention.)
