Virtual water is the water “embodied” in an agricultural or industrial product, not in real sense, but in virtual sense. It refers to the water needed for the production of the product. If a country exports such a product, it exports water in virtual form. (http://www.fao.org/ag/magazine/0303sp2.htm)
Living organisms, usually microscopic, used to feed the larvae of farmed fish and shellfish. (CABT)
Note
Use for live organisms/prey that are fed to farmed animal species, pets, mass-reared insects or to animals in captivity; For prey consumed in a natural environment, USE predation.
Soil organic carbon (SOC) refers to the carbon held within the soil and is expressed as a percentage by weight (gC/Kg soil). Climatic shifts in temperature and precipitation have a major influence on the decomposition and amount of SOC stored within an ecosystem and that released into the atmosphere. Globally, the amount of carbon stored in soils is twice the amount that is stored in all terrestrial plants. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is essential for maintaining fertility, water retention, and plant production in terrestrial ecosystems. The amount of SOC stored within an ecosystem, is dependent on the quantity and quality of organic matter returned to the soil matrix, the soils ability to retain organic carbon (a function of texture and caption exchange capacity), and biotic influences of both temperature and precipitation. The global decline in SOC as a result of deforestation, shifting cultivation and arable cropping have made significant contributions to increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). (Natural Resources Management and Environment Department, NR, FAO, 2009)
Transportation of waste across international borders. This process is regulated to ensure that the movement, treatment, and disposal of waste do not harm human health or the environment. (FAOLEX. 2025. Glossary https://www.fao.org/faolex/)
A carcinogen is a substance, organism or agent capable of causing cancer. Carcinogens may occur naturally in the environment (such as ultraviolet rays in sunlight and certain viruses) or may be generated by humans (such as automobile exhaust fumes and cigarette smoke). Most carcinogens work by interacting with a cell’s DNA to produce mutations. (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2024. Talking Glossary of Genomic and Genetic Terms. https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Carcinogen)
A solar cooker is a device which uses the energy of direct sunlight to heat, cook or pasteurize drink and other food materials. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cooker)
A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. (https://lod.nal.usda.gov/nalt/34890)
Cyclamen cilicium (Cyclamen cilicicum) is a species of flowering perennial plant growing from a tuber, native to coniferous woodland at 700–2,000 m (2,300–6,600 ft) elevation in the Taurus Mountains of southern Turkey. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclamen_cilicium)
Lakes with brown- or tea-coloured waters, the colour being the result of high concentrations of humic substances and organic acids suspended in the water. Although dystrophic lakes are often considered acidic, and nutrient-poor (oligotrophic), these lakes actually vary greatly in both pH and productivity. (ASFA Thesaurus)
Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus is present in the Americas and can cause disease in both humans and equids with encephalitis in most clinical cases. EEE virus is typically maintained in nature by alternating between vertebrate hosts and vector mosquitoes. Encephalitis caused by this virus occurs sporadically in horses and humans from mid-summer to late autumn in temperate regions but can occur year-round in tropical regions, depending on climate conditions that support the presence of the mosquito vector. (Adapted from WOAH, 2024. Equine encephalomyelitis (Eastern). https://www.woah.org/en/disease/equine-encephalomyelitis-eastern/)
The cilium (plural cilia) is an organelle found on eukaryotic cells in the shape of a slender protuberance that projects from the much larger cell body. There are two major types of cilia: motile and non-motile cilia. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilium)
The carbonate compensation depth, or CCD, is defined as the water depth at which the rate of supply of calcium carbonate from the surface is equal to the rate of dissolution. As long as the ocean floor lies above the CCD, carbonate particles will accumulate in bottom sediments, but below, there is no net accumulation. (Burton, E.A. (1998). Carbonate compensation depth . In: Geochemistry. Encyclopedia of Earth Science. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4496-8_46)
Infection with Aphanomyces astaci means infection with the pathogenic agent A. astaci of the Family Leptolegniaceae, Phylum Oomycota (water moulds). The disease is commonly known as crayfish plague. (https://www.woah.org/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/aahm/current/chapitre_aphanomyces_astaci.pdf)
