A case of HIV infection is defined as an individual with HIV infection irrespective of clinical stage including severe or stage 4 clinical disease (also known as AIDS) confirmed by laboratory criteria according to country definitions and requirements. (International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Revision (ICD-11), World Health Organization (WHO) 2019/2021 https://icd.who.int/browse11. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO). https://icd.who.int/browse/2024-01/mms/en)
The transmission of information from one individual or group to another. (Elwell, F. 2013. Glossary of Sociology. In Sociocultural Systems. Principles of Structure and Change. https://read.aupress.ca/read/sociocultural-systems-principles-of-structure-and-change/section/b9d25a9e-9550-4871-a7f1-59f5add30d2f)
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Transmitting information by electronic or mechanical means
Uneven distribution in the access to, use of, or impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) between any number of distinct groups; these groups may be defined based on social, geographical, or geopolitical criteria. (HLPE, FAO, 2019 (NA459).)
Education imparted at a distance through and training communication media: books, radio, TV, telephone, correspondence, computer or video. (Based on ILO, 1979. https://metadata.ilo.org/thesaurus/-2011553314)
Note
Supervised study, usually in the field of adult education, supported by tutors and an organization at a distance from the student communicating via written, audiovisual or electronic media
The set of capacities needed to generate and disseminate timely and meaningful warning information to enable individuals, communities and organizations threatened by a hazard to prepare to act promptly and appropriately to reduce the possibility of harm or loss. (FAOLEX. 2025. Glossary https://www.fao.org/faolex/)
Note
Systems which predict or forecast the formation or movement of a potentially disastrous phenomenon which may develop into or cause a disaster, natural or otherwise
A process that increases the capacity of people to make choices and influence collective decisions towards desired actions. (Danida. 2004. Farmer empowerment: Experiences, lessons learned
and ways forward. Copenhagen: Technical Advisory Services Danida.)
Management and control of the environment and natural resources systems in such a way so as to ensure the sustainability of development efforts over a long-term basis. (FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, FAO, 2014.)
Ichthyology is the branch of zoology devoted to the study of fish, including bony fish (Osteichthyes), cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes), and jawless fish (Agnatha). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichthyology)
Globalization is the gradual integration of economies and societies driven by new technologies, new economic relationships, and the national and international policies of a wide range of actors – including governments, international organizations, business, labour and civil society. (http://www.fao.org/nr/res/Course1/file/intro/intro_03.html)
The set of structures, policies, processes, or decisions that support the management of a system or group. (WHO, OIE and FAO. 2020. Joint Risk Assessment Operational Tool (JRA OT): An Operational Tool of the Tripartite Zoonoses Guide – Taking a Multisectoral, One Health Approach: A Tripartite Guide to Addressing Zoonotic Diseases in Countries. Geneva. https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/CB1520EN)
A set of fundamental rights and freedoms inherent to all individuals, regardless of their nationality, ethnicity, gender, religion, or any other characteristic. They encompass basic entitlements and protections that every person is entitled to, including but not limited to the right to life, liberty, equality, freedom of expression, freedom from discrimination, and access to education, healthcare, and a fair legal system. Human rights are internationally recognized and protected by laws, treaties, and institutions to ensure the dignity, well-being, and equality of all individuals. (FAOLEX. 2025. Glossary https://www.fao.org/faolex/)
