Rugose wood is a complex disease of grapevines characterized by modifications of the woody cylinder. Four different disorders make up the rugose wood complex: rupestris stem pitting, corky bark, Kober stem grooving, and LN 33 stem grooving. (The Grape Community of Practice. 2019. Rugose Wood Complex of Grapevines https://grapes.extension.org/rugose-wood-complex-of-grapevines/)
Hormones are chemical messengers produced by glands and tissues in the body that regulate and coordinate various physiological processes, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, and mood. (FAOLEX. 2025. Glossary https://www.fao.org/faolex/)
A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. Land snail is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as slugs). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_snail)
Apoptosis describes the orchestrated collapse of a cell characterised by membrane blebbing, cell shrinkage, condensation of chromatin, and fragmentation of DNA followed by rapid engulfment of the corpse by neighbouring cells. It is distinguished from death by necrosis by the absence of an associated inflammatory response. (Renehan AG, Booth C, Potten CS. What is apoptosis, and why is it important? BMJ. 2001 Jun 23;322(7301):1536-8. doi: 10.1136/bmj.322.7301.1536. PMID: 11420279; PMCID: PMC1120576.)
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Highly organized mechanism by which cells undergo programmed cell death in response to a specific signal
Methyl jasmonate (abbreviated MeJA) is a volatile organic compound used in plant defense and many diverse developmental pathways such as seed germination, root growth, flowering, fruit ripening, and senescence. Methyl jasmonate is derived from jasmonic acid. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl_jasmonate)
Water from which impurities, as dissolved salts and colloidal particles, have been removed by one or more processes of distillation; chemically pure water. (Geoscience Australia, 2024. Vocabulary Register https://pid.geoscience.gov.au/def/voc/ga/sample_material_class/distilled_water)
Biologically grown products are defined as those products that are grown without the use of synthetic fertilizers, sewage sludge, irradiation, genetic engineering, pesticides, or drugs. (Adapted from https://extension.arizona.edu/sites/extension.arizona.edu/files/pubs/az1603.pdf)
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This refers to biologically grown products, not to products made from biological resources.
The French West Indies or French Antilles are the parts of France located in the Antilles islands of the Caribbean: The two overseas departments of Guadeloupe and Martinique, and the two overseas collectivities of Saint Martin (French part) and Saint Barthélemy. (Adapted from Wikipedia, 2024 French West Indies https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_West_Indies)
The amount and rate of production which occur in a given ecosystem over a given time period. It may apply to a single organism, a population, or entire communities and ecosystems. (http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/868)
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For ecological production (organic, without pesticides) see <c_61ba93f1> ecological production.
