Seed ability to germinate. (Nehoshtan, Y., Carmon, E., Yaniv, O. et al. Robust seed germination prediction using deep learning and RGB image data. Sci Rep 11, 22030 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01712-6)
The biological process that leads to the development of a seedling from a seed. (FAO. 2014. Genebank Standards for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rev. ed. Rome. https://www.fao.org/3/a-i3704e.pdf)
Note
Seed germination rate refers to the ability of the seed to sprout. Seed viability refers to the strength and vigor of the plant after germination.
Animal domestication is a complex evolutionary process in which human use of animal species leads to morphological and physiological changes that distinguish domesticated taxa from their wild ancestors1. (Adapted from Purugganan, M., Fuller, D. The nature of selection during plant domestication. Nature 457, 843–848 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07895)
Plant domestication is a complex evolutionary process in which human use of plant species leads to morphological and physiological changes that distinguish domesticated taxa from their wild ancestors. (Adapted from Purugganan, M., Fuller, D. The nature of selection during plant domestication. Nature 457, 843–848 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07895)
Honey is the natural sweet substance produced by honey bees from the nectar of plants or from secretions of living parts of plants or excretions of plant sucking insects on the living parts of plants, which the bees collect, transform by combining with specific substances of their own, deposit, dehydrate, store and leave in the honey comb to ripen and mature. (FAO & WHO. 2022. Standard for Honey. Codex Standard, CXS 12-1981. Codex Alimentarius Commission. Rome. https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius)
A procedure that uses high-energy sound waves to look at tissues and organs inside the body. The sound waves make echoes that form pictures of the tissues and organs on a computer screen (sonogram). Ultrasonography may be used to help diagnose diseases, such as cancer. (National Cancer Institute, 2025. NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. Ultrasonography. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/ultrasonography)
A service that involves the regular collection of information on prices (and, in some cases, traded quantities) of agricultural products from wholesale and retail markets and the dissemination of this information on a timely basis to farmers, traders, government officials, policymakers, consumers and other stakeholders. (Shepherd, A.W. 1997. Market information services: Theory and practice. FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin 125. Rome, FAO. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/x6993e)
Growing crops as opposed to dairy farming, cattle farming, etc. (GEMET, 2024. Arable farming https://www.eea.europa.eu/help/glossary/gemet-environmental-thesaurus/arable-farming)
The family Adenoviridae includes non-enveloped viruses with linear dsDNA genomes of 25–48 kb and medium-sized icosahedral capsids. (Benkő M, Aoki K, Arnberg N, Davison AJ, Echavarría M, Hess M, Jones MS, Kaján GL, Kajon AE, Mittal SK, Podgorski II, San Martín C, Wadell G, Watanabe H, Harrach B, Ictv Report Consortium. ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Adenoviridae 2022. J Gen Virol. 2022 Mar;103(3):001721. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001721. PMID: 35262477; PMCID: PMC9176265.)
