The use of any forest or tree plantation as a direct source of livestock feed; it has been traditionally considered just as an historical use but more recently as a land management tool and part of multifunctional silvopastoral system. (Varga, A. 2017. Innovation from the Past: Silvopastoral systems in Hungary in the light of Hungarian ethnographic literature. Acta Ethnographica Hungarica, 62(1), References 153 135–162 https://doi.org/10.1556/022.2017.62.1.7 IN: Grazing with trees – A silvopastoral approach to managing and restoring trees. FAO Forestry Paper, No. 187, FAO, 2022 (https://doi.org/10.4060/cc2280en).)
The Hessian fly Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is a critical global pest of wheat6, which has been effectively managed through planting resistant cultivars (Sadeghi, R., Odubiyi, S., Nikoukar, A. et al. Mayetiola destructor (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) host preference and survival on small grains with respect to leaf reflectance and phytohormone concentrations. Sci Rep 11, 4761 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84212-x)
The association of genes and/or markers that lie near each other on a chromosome. Linked genes and markers tend to be inherited together. (State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, SOAGR, FAO)
Includes all non-living biomass with a diameter less than a minimum diameter chosen by the country for lying dead (for example 10 cm), in various states of decomposition above the mineral or organic soil. This includes the litter, fumic, and humic layers. Live fine roots (of less than the suggested diameter limit for below-ground biomass) are included in litter where they cannot be distinguished from it empirically. ((IPCC. 2003. Good Practice Guidance for LULUCF - Glossary); FRA2005, FAO, 2006.)
Harmonic analysis is a branch of mathematics concerned with investigating the connections between a function and its representation in frequency. The frequency representation is found by using the Fourier transform for functions on unbounded domains such as the full real line or by Fourier series for functions on bounded domains, especially periodic functions on finite intervals. (Wikipedia. 2024. Harmonic analysis. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic_analysis)
A type of herbivory in which an animal feeds on leaves, sprouts, or fruits of woody plants such as shrubs. (Grazing with trees – A silvopastoral approach to managing and restoring trees. FAO Forestry Paper, No. 187, FAO, 2022 (https://doi.org/10.4060/cc2280en).)
