Peanut meal is the by-product obtained after the extraction of oil from peanut seeds (also called peanuts) (Arachis hypogaea L.). It is a protein-rich ingredient that is widely used to feed all classes of livestock. Peanut meal is produced by mechanical extraction only (expeller) or by mechanical followed by solvent extraction. (https://www.feedipedia.org/node/699)
Culinary herbs are distinguished from vegetables in that, like spices, they are used in small amounts and provide flavor rather than substance to food. They may be annual, biennial, or perennial plants. (FAO & WHO. 2024. Glossary of Terms for SCH Standards. Codex Committee on Spices and Culinary Herbs. Rome. https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius)
Product prepared from the pith or soft core of palm tree like sago palm (Metroxylon sp.) by a mechanical treatment (pounding, grinding, milling) followed by soaking and settling, then drying. (FAO & WHO. 2025. Regional Standard for Edible Sago Flour (Asia), CXS 301R-2011, Codex Alimentarius Commission. Rome. https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius)
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Sago flour is obtained from the processing of the pith or soft core of palm tree (Metroxylon spp.) For sago starch, see "sago" <c_15518>.
Potato flour is ground from cooked, whole potatoes and retains a distinct potato taste. Gluten-free and rich in starch, potato flour is used by the food industry to bind meat mixtures and thicken gravies and soups. (FAO. 2008. The Potato. https://www.fao.org/4/i0500e/i0500e02.pdf)
A number of animals of one kind kept together under human control or a congregation of gregarious wild animals, feeding or travelling in company. (Adapted from WOAH, 2023. Terrestrial Animal Health Code. Glossary. https://www.woah.org/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahc/current/glossaire.pdf)
This is the basis for measuring the cost of the effect of changes (e.g. in biodiversity, ecosystems, managed resources or natural resources) on human welfare. Goods and services not sold in commercial markets can have economic value. Determining economic value does not prevent ethical or altruistic concerns for the survival and well-being of other species based on cooperative behaviour. (IPPC Secretariat. 2021. Glossary of phytosanitary terms. International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures No. 5. Rome. FAO on behalf of the Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention.)
The record derives from WCSP (in review) (data supplied on 2012-03-23) which reports it as an accepted name with original publication details: Syst. Nat. ed. 10 2: 1005 1759. (http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2573779)
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Polygonum perfoliatum was preferred term up to 2010.
The degree to which a given trait is controlled by inheritance, as opposed to being controlled by non-genetic factors. (FAO Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture, 2001)
Procedure by which a certification body or entity gives written or equivalent assurance that a product, process or service conforms to specified requirements. Certification can be based, as appropriate, on a range of audit activities that may include continuous audit in the production chain. (FAO. 2009. Guidelines for the ecolabelling of fish and fishery products from marine and capture fisheries. Revision 1. Rome. https://www.fao.org/4/i1119t/i1119t.pdf)
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Standards and the certification schemes developed to assess conformity can regulate either the process through which a product is produced or the product itself. Although process certification is meant to influence the quality of the product, process certification does not provide any guarantee about the quality of the product. The ISO points out this difference very strongly, recommending that marks stating the conformity of the business to process standards should not appear on product labels or packaging, because this would give consumers the impression that the product is certified as conforming to a specific set of standards, which in the case of process certification would be untrue.
