Multiple-strain starters are mixtures of two or more strains. (Adapted from P. Behare, H. Kumar, S. Mandal,
Yogurt: Yogurt Based Products,
Editor(s): Benjamin Caballero, Paul M. Finglas, Fidel Toldrá,
Encyclopedia of Food and Health,
Academic Press,
2016,
Pages 625-631,
ISBN 9780123849533,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384947-2.00767-4)
Cyanogenic glycosides are nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites that have an ability to produce highly toxic hydrogen cyanide when degraded by plant enzymes. (Hisakazu Yamane, Kotaro Konno, Maurice Sabelis, Junji Takabayashi, Takeshi Sassa, Hideaki Oikawa, 4.08 - Chemical Defence and Toxins of Plants,
Editor(s): Hung-Wen (Ben) Liu, Lew Mander, Comprehensive Natural Products II, Elsevier, 2010, Pages 339-385, ISBN 9780080453828, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008045382-8.00099-X)
The colony-stimulating factors (CSF) are a class of glycoprotein hormones that regulate the production and function of blood cells. (Glaspy JA, Golde DW. The colony-stimulating factors: biology and clinical use. Oncology (Williston Park). 1990 Sep;4(9):25-32; discussion 32-4. PMID: 2145019.)
A term applied mainly to grasses (but may include legumes and herbs) that have been cut and dried, usually in the field, to preserve as fodder (RAMIRAN Glossary of terms on livestock and manure management 2011)
Soluble protein factors generated by activated lymphocytes that affect other cells, primarily those involved in cellular immunity. (MeSH. 2025. Lymphokines. https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D008222)
Soluble mediators of the immune response that are neither antibodies nor complement. They are produced largely, but not exclusively, by monocytes and macrophages. (MeSH. 2025. Monokines. https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D015846)
The process of duplicating the DNA to make two identical copies, one of which will be passed along to each daughter cell when the cell divides. (http://www.cgm.northwestern.edu/cgm/Public-Education/Genetics-Glossary)
The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of proteins; nucleic acids; and sometimes lipids, and their assembly into a new infectious particle. (MeSH. 2025. Virus Replication. https://meshb-prev.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D014779)
Dysautonomia happens when there is a problem in the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary functions like breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure which normally happen without thinking. (NIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. 2025. Glossary. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/glossary-neurological-terms)
Equine grass sickness (EGS) or equine dysautonomia is a polyneuropathy with damage to autonomic enteric and somatic neurons. EGS is a multiple systems neuropathy of grazing horses of unknown aetiology. An apparently identical disease occurs in cats, dogs, rabbits, hares, sheep, alpacas and llamas. (Adappted from David E. Freeman, in Equine Surgery (Fifth Edition), 2019 AND McGorum, B.C., Chen, Z., Glendinning, L. et al. Equine grass sickness (a multiple systems neuropathy) is associated with alterations in the gastrointestinal mycobiome. anim microbiome 3, 70 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-021-00131-2)
Note
A similar condition “mal seco” is regularly observed in South America and is generally considered as the same disease (Wylie and Proudman 2009).