A property of a race or an isolate of a pathogen that results in lack of infection with a specific genotype of a potential host plant i.e. resistance. Corresponds to non-pathogenicity at the species level. The interaction is incompatible. (Adapted from British Society for Plant Pathology, 2022. Glossary, Avirulent. https://www.bspp.org.uk/glossary/avirulent/)
Hypovirulence refers to the decline in the ability of a pathogen to cause the disease. (Sharma M.et al.: Mycovirus associated hypovirulence, a potential method for biological control of Fusarium species. Virusdisease. 2018 Jun;29(2):134-140. doi: 10.1007/s13337-018-0438-4)
A race or an isolate of a pathogen that results in lack of infection with a specific genotype of a potential host i.e. resistance. (Adapted from British Society for Plant Pathology, 2022. Glossary, Avirulent. https://www.bspp.org.uk/glossary/avirulent/)
Pathogen with reduced ability to cause disease. Hypovirulent pathogens cannot produce severe disease. (Adapted from British Society for Plant Pathology, Glossary, Avirulent. 2024. https://www.bspp.org.uk/glossary/hypovirulence/)
Pathogen capable of causing a severe disease (strongly pathogenic). (Adapted from British Society for Plant Pathology, Glossary, Avirulent. 2024. https://www.bspp.org.uk/glossary/virulent/)
Heat and stain resistant, metabolically inactive bodies formed within the vegetative cells of bacteria of the genera Bacillus and Clostridium. (MeSH. 2024. Spores, Bacterial. https://meshb-prev.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D013171)
A branch of applied ethics that studies the value implications of practices and developments in life sciences, medicine, and health care. (MeSH, 2024. Bioethics. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D001675)
Biodiesel is a form of diesel fuel derived from plants or animals and consisting of long-chain fatty acid esters. (Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiesel)
Market transparency describes the extent to which the details of market activity are made public. (R.“Tee” Williams, 2 - Trading, Editor(s): R.“Tee” Williams, An Introduction to Trading in the Financial Markets, Academic Press, 2011, Pages 31-71, ISBN 9780123748393,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374839-3.00002-6.)
Blue infrastructure refers to the network of water bodies and water management systems in urban and rural areas. It refers to natural bodies such as rivers, lakes, ponds, wetlands, and other water features, as well as the engineered structures, such as drainage systems, canals and flood control mechanisms. (Interreg Europe, 2024. Green and blue infrastructure. https://www.interregeurope.eu/sites/default/files/2024-09/Policy%20brief%20on%20Green%20and%20blue%20infrastructure.pdf)
The ability to adapt to different environments or situations by modifications in physiological or other responses. (Adapted from IRRI, 2002. Acronyms and Glossary of Rice Related Terminology http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/images/docs/acronyms-and-glossary-of-rice-related-terminology.pdf)
Bioremediation is the process whereby contaminants are biologically degraded under controlled conditions that enhance plants’ or microorganisms’ growth and enzymatic activities. (FAO, ITPS, GSBI, CBD and EC, 2020)
Note
The use of microorganisms or plants to clean up pollution
The containment principles, technologies and practices that are implemented to prevent unintentional exposure to pathogens and toxins, or their accidental release. (WHO. 2020. WHO Laboratory Biosafety Manual. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240011311)
The highly stratified region of the atmosphere above the troposphere extending from about 10 km (ranging from 9 km at high latitudes to 16 km in the tropics on average) to about 50 km altitude. (IPCC. 2019. Special Report on Climate Change and Land - SRCCL (09/2019) https://apps.ipcc.ch/glossary/)
