AGROVOC

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) (family Tospoviridae, genus Orthotospovirus, species Orthotospovirus tomatomaculae) infects >1000 different plant species from 90 botanical families, including ornamental, fruit, horticultural, and agronomic crops (Ruark-Seward et al., 2020). Tomato spotted wilt virus is a polyphagous thrips-transmitted pathogen inducing significant economic losses in agriculture, particularly on tomato plants. (Ciro Orecchio, Camilla Sacco Botto, Eugenio Alladio, Chiara D'Errico, Marco Vincenti, Emanuela Noris, Non-invasive and early detection of tomato spotted wilt virus infection in tomato plants using a hand-held Raman spectrometer and machine learning modelling, Plant Stress, Volume 15, 2025, 100732, ISSN 2667-064X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stress.2024.100732.)

Tree crops are defined as woody perennials, which periodically produce a harvestable product that is of nutritional, monetary/commercial. environmental and/or accommodational value. (USAID, 1999. Topper, C., and Caligari, P. Assessment of Options and Opportunities for Tree Crop Development in East and West/Central Africa. https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pnady662.pdf)

Tropical crops are a general term for various crops that are suitable for cultivation in tropical regions, such as cocoa, mango, and durian. (Translated from CNTERM. 2024. CHINESE TERMS IN AGRONOMY 2024. https://www.cnterm.cn/news/tzgg/202407/P020250909517921360798.pdf)

Rice tungro disease is caused by the combination of two viruses, which are transmitted by leafhoppers. It causes leaf discoloration, stunted growth, reduced tiller numbers and sterile or partly filled grains. Tungro infects cultivated rice, some wild rice relatives and other grassy weeds commonly found in rice paddies. (IRRI. n.d. Tungro. http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/training/fact-sheets/pest-management/diseases/item/tungro)

Group of organic manures derived from animal excreta, usually of small animals and includes materials such as bat, Peruvian and fish guano. General N content of guano can be 0.4–9.0 percent and total P2O5 can be 12–26 percent. Found and used in certain areas only. (http://www.fao.org/3/a-a0443e.pdf)

Vanillic acid is a dihydroxybenzoic acid derivative used as a flavoring agent. It is an oxidized form of vanillin. It is also an intermediate in the production of vanillin from ferulic acid. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanillic_acid)

Diseases transmitted by vectors are called vector-borne diseases. Many vector-borne diseases are zoonotic diseases, i.e. diseases that can be transmitted directly or indirectly between animals and humans. (ESFA, 2024. ​​​​Vector-borne diseases https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/topics/topic/vector-borne-diseases)

Deoxynivalenol (DON), commonly referred to as vomitoxin, is a mycotoxin that may be produced in wheat and barley grain infected by Fusarium head blight (FHB) or scab. (North Dakota State University, 2005. DON (Vomitoxin) in Wheat https://library.ndsu.edu/ir/bitstream/handle/10365/5430/pp1302.pdf)

Any unplanned and uncontrolled vegetation fire that, regardless of ignition source, may negatively affect social, economic, or environmental values, and require suppression response or other action according to agency policy. (FAO. 2006. Fire Management: Voluntary Guidelines. Principles and strategic actions. Fire Management Working Paper 17. Rome. https://www.fao. org/4/j9255e/j9255e00.htm)

Yohimbine is an indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina. It has a role as an alpha-adrenergic antagonist, a serotonergic antagonist and a dopamine receptor D2 antagonist. It is functionally related to a yohimbic acid. (ChEBI https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:10093)

Cholera is a potentially epidemic and life-threatening infection of the intestine, characterised by extreme watery (secretory) diarrhoea often accompanied by vomiting, with rapid depletion of body fluids and salt that may result in hypovolemic shock and acidosis. Cholera outbreaks are caused by toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139. S (International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Revision (ICD-11), World Health Organization (WHO) 2019/2021 https://icd.who.int/browse11. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO).)

Cambisols combine soils with at least an incipient subsurface soil formation. Transformation of parent material is evident from structure formation and mostly brownish discoloration, increasing clay percentage, and/or carbonate removal. Other soil classification systems refer to many Cambisols as Braunerden and Terrae fuscae (Germany), Sols bruns (France), burozems (Russia) and Tenosols (Australia). The name Cambisols was coined for the Soil Map of the World (FAO–UNESCO, 1971–1981) and later adopted by Brazil (Cambissolos). In the United States of America they were formerly called Brown soils/Brown forest soils and are now named Inceptisols. (IUSS Working Group WRB. 2015. World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014, update 2015 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. World Soil Resources Reports No. 106. FAO, Rome.)

A bird that spends a substantial part of its life in a marine, coastal or freshwater environment. (ASFA Thesaurus)

A guard dog or watchdog (not to be confused with an attack dog) is a dog used to watch for and guard people or property against unwanted or unexpected human or animal intruders. (Wikipedia, 2024. Guard dog. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guard_dog)

Liver (the organ) when consumed as food. The liver of mammals, fowl, and fish is commonly eaten as food by humans. (Adapted from Wikipedia, 2024. Liver (food). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_(food))