The sum of the actual or potential genetic information and variation contained in the genes of living individual organisms, populations or species. (FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, FAO, 2014.)
Active management of the ecosystem to ensure the survival of the maximum diversity of species and the maintenance of genetic variability within them. (ISO/TMB/SAG SF - Strategic Advisory Group on Smart Farming, Final Report – January 2023, https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/publications/en/2023_SAG-SF_Final_Report.pdf)
African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) is a widely studied begomovirus that infects large-scale cassava plants in Africa. It is one of the principal pathogens responsible for cassava mosaic disease (CMD), which poses a significant hazard to cassava production by inducing filiform-shaped leaves. Whiteflies, specifically B. tabaci, are responsible for transmitting ACMV, similar to other geminiviruses. (Seethapathy, P., Latha, T.K.S., Warrier, V., Sivagnanapazham, K. (2025). African Cassava Mosaic Virus. In: Amaresan, N., Kumar, K. (eds) Compendium of Phytopathogenic Microbes in Agro-Ecology . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-81884-4_2)
Oceanic microstructure is very small-scale (inch or smaller) variations of temperature, salinity, and velocity, used to infer mixing rates due to turbulence and convection in the upper ocean. (Adapted from https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/blogs/fromthefield/2012/10/04/what-is-ocean-microstructure-and-why-study-it/)
Note
Variations in the distribution of temperature, salinity and velocity on a scale of 10 cm or less
Cinnamic acid, a natural aromatic carboxylic acid, is a key chemical found in plants such as Cinnamomum cassia (Chinese cinnamon) and Panax ginseng, fruits, whole grains, vegetables and honey. Cinnamic acid is obtained from cinnamon bark. (Ruwizhi N, Aderibigbe BA. Cinnamic Acid Derivatives and Their Biological Efficacy. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Aug 9;21(16):5712. doi: 10.3390/ijms21165712. PMID: 32784935; PMCID: PMC7460980.)
It is the product obtained from cocoa cake transformed into powder. (Adapted from FAO & WHO. 2022. Standard for Cocoa powders (cocoas) and dry mixtures of cocoa and sugars. Codex Standard, 105-1981. Codex Alimentarius Commission. Rome. https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius)
Deltamethrin (DLM) is a synthetic pyrethroid ester insecticide, widely used in agriculture and as a home pest control agent. It acts by disrupting the function of the insects’ nervous system. (FAO. 2023. The impact of pesticide residues on the gut microbiome and human health – A food safety perspective. Food Safety and Quality Series, No. 19. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc5306en)
Eating an excess amount of food in a short period of time, as seen in the disorder of bulimia nervosa. It is caused by an abnormal craving for food, or insatiable hunger also known as ox hunger. (MeSH, 2024. Bulimia. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68002032)
