The efforts aimed at reducing the potential adverse impacts of a hazardous event, including those caused by human activities. This reduction is achieved through actions that target the reduction of hazard, exposure and vulnerability. (United Nations. 1992. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Article 1. https://unfccc.int/resource/ccsites/zimbab/conven/text/art01.htm)
Alnus is an ancient and complex genus originating in the late Cretaceous.Something of the order of 40 species are distributed across the northern hemisphere, extending into the southern hemisphere in South America, where the genus reaches its southern limit in northern Argentina. Alders vary widely from tall, single-stemmed, fast-growing trees to smaller, multi-stemmed shrubs, sometimes with modest growth rates. (Baxter, T. & McAllister, H.A. (2024), 'Alnus' from the website Trees and Shrubs Online (treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/alnus/). Accessed 2026-01-09.)
The Great Lakes, also called the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes in the east-central interior of North America that connect to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. The five lakes are Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario and are in general on or near the Canada–United States border. (Wikipedia, 2024. Great Lakes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lakes)
Lake Albert is shared between Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Lake Albert’s water is mainly controlled by the Nile River. (African Center for Aquatic Research and Education. 2025. Lake Albert https://www.agl-acare.org/resources/the-african-great-lakes/lake-albert/)
The Lake Chad is a vast area of fresh water located in the middle of sand dunes which covers territories in 4 countries: Nigeria, Cameroon, Niger and Chad. (UNESCO. Lake Chad Cultural Landscape (Nigeria) https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6360/)
Lake Edward is a bi-national lake, bordered by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Uganda. Lake Edward is the smallest among the African Great Lakes, but its basin includes highly productive Lake George. (African Center for Aquatic Research and Education. 2025. Lake Edward https://www.agl-acare.org/resources/the-african-great-lakes/lake-edward/)
Lake Kivu is a bi-national lake, bordered by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Rwanda. Lake Kivu is one of the two smallest African Great Lakes, but is the third deepest and sits at the highest altitude. (African Center for Aquatic Research and Education. 2025. Lake Kivu https://www.agl-acare.org/resources/the-african-great-lakes/lake-kivu/)
Lake Malawi/Niassa/Nyasa is a multi-national lake, bordered by Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania. Lake Malawi/Niassa/Nyasa is the southern-most African Great Lakes; it is the fourth largest lake by volume in the world. (African Center for Aquatic Research and Education. 2025. Lake Malawi/Niassa/Nyasa. https://www.agl-acare.org/resources/the-african-great-lakes/lake-malawi-niassa-nyasa/)
A packaging technique where the gas composition surrounding the product is changed in order to prolong shelf life and reduce natural deterioration, such as gas permeable packaging materials or gas flushing with nitrogen. (NALT https://lod.nal.usda.gov/nalt/53196)
Note
In FISHERIES: Means replacing the air in a pack of fish with a different mixture of gases, typically some combination of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and oxygen. The proportion of each component gas is fixed when the mixture is introduced, but no further control is exercised during storage, and the composition of the mixture may slowly change. Modified atmosphere packing is often incorrectly called controlled atmosphere packing, CAP.
