AGROVOC

Genetic lines bred in a crossing programme before they are named and officially released for commercial cultivation; élite lines are breeding lines that possess most of the characteristics being sought for a particular environment or plant. (Background Study Paper No. 51, FAO, 2011 (http://www.fao.org/3/a-am489e.pdf).)

Processing industry of fishery products (AGROVOC team)

A situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. Based on this definition, four food security dimensions can be identified: food availability, economic and physical access to food, food utilization, and stability over time. The concept of food security is evolving to also recognize the centrality of agency and sustainability. (FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2024. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2024 – Financing to end hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition in all its forms. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd1254e)

Physiological changes that occur in bodies after death. (MeSH. 2025. Postmortem Changes. https://meshb-prev.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D011180)

Saturated fatty acids are fatty acids without double bonds in their hydrocarbon chain. (Calder, P.C. (2015). Marine omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: Effects, mechanisms and clinical relevance. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1851 4, 469-84 .)

A term covering developmental stages in the early life history of a fish between the time of hatching and transforming to a juvenile, the latter a miniature replica of the adult. (FishBase, 2024. Glossary. Larvae. https://www.fishbase.se/glossary/Glossary.php?q=larvae&language=english&sc=is)

Fatty acids in which the carbon chain contains one or more double or triple carbon-carbon bonds. (National Library of Medicine. MeSH (Medical Subject Headings), Fatty Acids, Unsaturated MeSH Descriptor Data 2024. https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D005231)

Protein-rich meal derived from processing (boiling, pressing, drying, grinding) whole fish (usually small pelagic fish or bycatch) as well as residues and by-products from fish processing plants (fish offal). Used mainly as agriculture feeds for domestic livestock (poultry, pigs, cattle, etc.) and as aquaculture feeds for carnivorous aquatic species. (FAO, 2003)

A fatty acid containing more than one double bond (C=C). (National Cancer Institute (NCI). NCIthesaurus. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (Code C67038). https://ncithesaurus.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C67038)

Suspension culture in which cells grow in a finite volume of liquid nutrient medium and follow a sigmoid pattern of growth. All cells are harvested at the same time. (Aydın, I., Küçük, E., Polat, H., Haşimoğlu, A. & Altuntaş, A. 2023. Black Sea turbot – A comprehensive production manual. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper, No. 693. FAO, Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc6224en)

Oils high in unsaturated fats extracted from the bodies of fish or fish parts, especially the liver. Those from the liver are usually high in vitamin A. The oils are used as dietary supplements. They are also used in soaps and detergents and as protective coatings. (MeSH, 2024. Fish Oils. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68005395)