Integer programing is one type of mathematical programming technique for resolving a problem on optimization having the entire design variable as an integer value (Ashutosh Dixit, Arindam Chowdhury, Parvesh Saini, Chapter 28 - A review on optimal placement of phasor measurement unit (PMU), Editor(s): Prashant Johri, Adarsh Anand, Jüri Vain, Jagvinder Singh, Mohammad Quasim, In Emerging Methodologies and Applications in Modelling, System Assurances, Academic Press, 2022, Pages 513-530,
ISBN 9780323902403, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90240-3.00028-X.)
Sichuan pepper, also known as Szechuan pepper, Szechwan pepper, Chinese prickly ash, Chinese pepper, Timut pepper and mala pepper, is a spice commonly used in Sichuan cuisine. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sichuan_pepper)
The Dnieper or Dnepr, also called the Dnipro, is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea. (Wikipedia. 2026. Dnieper. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnieper)
Water saturated with or containing large quantities of a salt, especially of sodium chloride (kitchen salt). (Water Environment Federation (2003) Glossary of water environment terms. Alexandria, VA, USA. 28p. )
Linear programming (LP), also called linear optimization, is a method to achieve the best outcome (such as maximum profit or lowest cost) in a mathematical model whose requirements and objective are represented by linear relationships. Linear programming is a special case of mathematical programming (also known as mathematical optimization). (Wikipedia, 2024. Linear programming https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_programming)
This class of agricultural insurance generally centres on the provision of mortality cover for livestock due to named disease(s), and accidental injury. Insurance cover is normally restricted to adult animals and may be taken out on an individual animal or herd basis. Major classes of insured livestock include beef and dairy cattle, sheep, goats and pigs and domestic fowl. (FAO. 1992. Glossary of terms for agricultural insurance and rural finance. https://www.fao.org/3/ak923e/ak923e.pdf)
Business games (also called business simulation game or management games) refers to simulation games that are used as an educational tool for teaching business. Business games may be carried out for various business training such as: general management, finance, organizational behavior, human resources, etc. (Adapted from Wikipedia, 2024. Business game https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_game)
A set of attitudes and social practices which regards war and the preparation for war as a normal and desirable social activity. (Mann, M. 1987. The roots and contradictions of modern militarism. New Left Review, 162(1).)
A number of animals or birds of one kind kept together under human control or a congregation of gregarious wild animals. (Adapted from WOAH, 2023. Terrestrial Animal Health Code. Glossary. https://www.woah.org/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahc/current/glossaire.pdf)
A non-dominant group which is usually numerically less than the majority population of a State or region regarding their ethnic, religious or linguistic characteristics and who (if only implicitly) maintain solidarity with their own culture, traditions, religion or language. (European Commission, European Migration Network (EMN). https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/european-migration-network-emn/emn-asylum-and-migration-glossary/glossary/minority_en)
Note
There is still no universally accepted definition of minority in international law, although a variety of international documents have attempted to define the concept of a minority. See, for example, Art. 27 of the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).
Multicollinearity represents a high degree of linear intercorrelation between explanatory variables in a multiple regression model and leads to incorrect results of regression analyses. (Kim JH. Multicollinearity and misleading statistical results. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2019 Dec;72(6):558-569. doi: 10.4097/kja.19087. Epub 2019 Jul 15. PMID: 31304696; PMCID: PMC6900425.)
Multipliers capture the size of the secondary effects in a given region, generally as a ratio of the total change in economic activity in the region relative to the direct change. (http://corpslakes.usace.army.mil/employees/economic/glossary.html)
