Mineral or organic substances, natural or manufactured, which are applied to soil, irrigation water or a hydroponic medium, to supply plants with nutrients or to enhance plant growth. (FAO. 2017. World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. Volume I Programme, concepts and definitions. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/i4913e)
A dynamic model accounts for time-dependent changes in the state of the system, while a static (or steady-state) model calculates the system in equilibrium, and thus is time-invariant. Dynamic models typically are represented by differential equations or difference equations. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_model)
Economic policy covers a wide range of measures which governments use to manage their economy. These include monetary policy (money supply and demand), taxation, budget, job creation, etc. (EUR-Lex. Economic policy https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/glossary/economic-policy.html)
Economic recovery is the process of stimulating the growth of an area’s (local) economy during and after crisis. (UNDP, 2022. Building Resilience Through Livelihoods and Economic Recovery https://www.undp.org/publications/building-resilience-through-livelihoods-and-economic-recovery)
Economic theories involve the construction of models designed to illuminate various aspects of economic behavior. (J. Fender, Altruism and Economics, Editor(s): Ruth Chadwick, Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics (Second Edition), Academic Press, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-373932-2.00070-3.)
A single base pair variation in a genetic sequence which occurs at a significant frequency in a population. (FAO. 2025. Glossary for aquatic genetic resources for food and agriculture. CGRFA-20/25/6.2/Inf.1. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd4254en)
The price of one country’s currency expressed in terms of another currency. The exchange rate indicates how much of one currency is needed to purchase one unit of another. It affects international trade (exports/imports), influences inflation, interest rates, and foreign investment, and can impact the competitiveness of a country’s goods and services abroad. (FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2025. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2025 – Addressing high food price inflation for food security and nutrition. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd6008en)
Government-imposed limitations on the quantity or value of goods – particularly food and agricultural products – that can be exported to other countries. These measures can take various forms, including export bans, quotas, taxes, licensing requirements, or other regulatory controls. (FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2025. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2025 – Addressing high food price inflation for food security and nutrition. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd6008en)
CAS Registry Number 98730-04-2 (Benoxacor.. CAS Common Chemistry. CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, n.d. https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=98730-04-2 (retrieved 2025-02-25) (CAS RN: 98730-04-2). Licensed under the Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).)
Export refunds are variable export subsidies given to traders to cover the difference between the internal price of a commodity and its world market price. (Adapted from UNESCWA citing OECD https://archive.unescwa.org/sd-glossary/export-refunds)
Subsidies given to traders to cover the difference between internal market prices and world market prices, such as the EU export restitutions. (OECD/FAO (2022), OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2022-2031, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/f1b0b29c-en.)
