AGROVOC

The difference between a computed, observed, or measured value or condition and the true, specified, or theoretically correct value or condition; An incorrect step, process, or data definition, or an incorrect result. (Adapted from https://casrai.org/rdm-glossary/)

A feedstuff consisting of a single or a mixture of finely ground ingredients such as cereals, oil seeds, fish, etc. and commonly fed to pigs and poultry. (RAMIRAN Glossary of terms on livestock and manure management 2011)

A generic term for all substances having the properties of stretching under tension, high tensile strength, retracting rapidly, and recovering their original dimensions fully. They are generally polymers, (MeSH. 2024. Elastomers. https://meshb-prev.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D020724)

Destruction by passage of a galvanic electric current, as in disintegration of a chemical compound in solution. (MeSH. 2024. Electrolysis. https://meshb-prev.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D004572)

Mashing is the process of conversion of malt or grain into mash, at the start of the brewing process, where crushed grains are mixed with water to form a porridge-like mixture called the mash. (AGROVOC team, 2021)

Meat emulsion is a two-phase system, with the dispersed phase consisting of either solid or liquid fat particles and the continuous phase being the water containing salts and dissolved, gelled and suspended proteins. Thus they can be classified as oil-in-water emulsion. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_emulsion)

Intellectual property rights granted to individuals (such as breeders or farmers) who breed, discover, or develop new plant varieties, provided that such varieties are novel, distinct, uniform, and stable. (FAOLEX. 2025. Glossary https://www.fao.org/faolex/)

Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester#Preparation)

Ethoxyquin is a quinoline-based antioxidant used as a food preservative in certain countries and originally to control scald on pears after harvest. It is used as a preservative in some pet foods to slow the development of rancidity of fats. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethoxyquin)

The extensograph is a tool designed to measure the balance of the elastic and viscous properties of dough. (Adapted from North Dakota State University, 2020. Extensograph https://www.ndsu.edu/faculty/simsek/wheat/extensograph.html)

Solvent extraction is the technique of removing one constituent from a solid by means of a liquid solvent. (Atabani, A.E., Silitonga, A.S., Ong, H., Mahlia, T.M., Masjuki, H.H., Badruddin, I.A., & Fayaz, H. (2013). Non-edible vegetable oils: A critical evaluation of oil extraction, fatty acid compositions, biodiesel production, characteristics, engine performance and emissions production. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 18, 211-245.)

The amount of food needed by an animal in excess of maintenance ration to gain weight. Fattening rations refer to the complete diets or feeding plans formulated to meet the nutritional requirements of animals being raised for fattening or finishing purposes. (Adapted from RAMIRAN Glossary of terms on livestock and manure management 2011)

Equipment for extrusion, which presses or pushes feed through constrictions under pressure. (Adapted from FAOTERM)

Prepared animal feed that supplements the basic farm produced feed with organic or inorganic substances. (Draft Definition and Classification of Commodities, FAO, 1996 (W2979).)