Factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a statistical procedure that allows researchers to explore the influence of two or more independent variables (factors) on a single dependent variable. (Factorial Analysis of Variance. In: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483381411.n192)
Acidimetry is a titration using a standard solution of an acid to determine a base. (Dianingsi Hipi, Eka Paramita Daud, & Gayatri D. Soga. (2021). IDENTIFICATION OF ALKALIMETRIC LEVELS USING ACID-BASE REACTION PRINCIPLES. Journal of Health, Technology and Science (JHTS), 2(4), 12-21. https://doi.org/10.47918/jhts.v2i4.247)
A chemical that can form in some foods during high-temperature cooking processes, such as frying, roasting, and baking. (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2024. Environmental Health Sciences Glossary https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/acrylamide/)
Processing aid means any substance or material, not including apparatus or utensils, and not consumed as a food ingredient by itself, intentionally used in the processing of raw materials, foods, or its ingredients, to fulfil a certain technological purpose during treatment or processing and which may result in the non-intentional but unavoidable presence of residues or derivatives in the final product. (FAO and WHO. 2023. Codex Alimentarius Commission Procedural Manual. Twenty-eighth edition, revised. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc5042en)
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Used during processing, but afterwards removed from the product
Feathers are epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on dinosaurs, both avian and non-avian, and possibly other archosauromorphs. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feather)
Includes all ready-to-eat, instant, and regular hot breakfast cereal products. (FAO & WHO. 2023. General Standard for Food Additives. Codex Standard, No. CXS 192-1995. Rome. https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius)
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Examples include: granola-type breakfast cereals, instant oatmeal, farina, corn flakes, puffed wheat or rice, multi-grain (e.g. rice, wheat and corn) breakfast cereals, breakfast cereals made from soy or bran, and extruded-type breakfast cereals made from grain flour or powder.
Foods manufactured by adding salt or sugars (or other substances of culinary use such as oils or vinegar) to whole foods, to make them more durable and sometimes also to modify their palatability. They are directly derived from foods and recognizable as versions of the original foods. They are generally produced to be consumed as part of meals or dishes, or may be used, together with highly processed products, to replace food-based freshly prepared dishes and meals. Processes include canning and bottling using oils, sugars or salt, and methods of preservation such as salting, salt pickling, smoking and curing. (FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2025. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2025 – Addressing high food price inflation for food security and nutrition. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd6008en)
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As with processed culinary ingredients, some processed foods can still be hand-made with simple tools, although now almost all are industrial products. Many of the highly traded foods considered as processed foods are high-value products such as cheese, beer, wine, prepared fruits, vegetables and nuts.
A device that measures the strength of flour by measuring the elasticity of dough made from it in a standard procedure. (Wiktionary, 2024. Alveograph https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alveograph)
Legacy term. Buenos Aires, the city and capital of Argentina is coextensive with the Federal District (Distrito Federal). Use c_1136 for Buenos Aires (province).
Asbestos is a naturally occurring fibrous silicate mineral. There are six types. Inhalation of asbestos fibres can lead to various dangerous lung conditions, including mesothelioma, asbestosis, and lung cancer. As a result of these health effects, asbestos is considered a serious health and safety hazard. (Wikipedia, 2024. Asbestos. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbestos)
An analytical technique that measures the decay of elements when bombarded with neutrons. (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/neutron_activation_analysis#English)
Federal district of Brazil, a federative unit in the Central-West Region of Brazil. (Wikidata. 2026. Federal District (Q119158) https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119158)
