A biotype resulting from selection in a particular habitat. (Fagetti, E., Privett, D.W., Sears & J.R.L. (comps.) and Hudson, J. (rev.) (2000) Aquatic sciences and fisheries thesaurus. Descriptors used in the Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System. Rome, FAO, ASFIS Reference Series (6, Rev. 2): 335 p.)
Enzyme engineering is the process of improving the efficiency of an already available enzyme or the formulation of an advanced enzyme activity by altering its amino acid sequence. (Basheer, S.M., Chellappan, S. (2017). Enzyme Engineering. In: Sugathan, S., Pradeep, N., Abdulhameed, S. (eds) Bioresources and Bioprocess in Biotechnology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4284-3_6)
Epizootics are epidemic outbreak of disease in an animal population, often with the implication that it may extend to humans. (https://www.sva.se/en/our-topics/contagion-status/epizootic-diseases/)
Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein hormone produced by different tissues in response to metabolic and physical stress. It is a hematopoietic growth factor that promotes red blood cell proliferation and inhibits erythroid progenitors' apoptosis. (Ruiz-Lozano RE, Garza-Garza LA, Davila-Cavazos O, Foster CS, Rodriguez-Garcia A. The clinical and pathogenic spectrum of surgically-induced scleral necrosis: A review. Surv Ophthalmol. 2021 Jul-Aug;66(4):594-611. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.12.008. Epub 2021 Jan 8. PMID: 33422510.)
The simplified definition of alcoholic fermentation (AF) states that it is the conversion of sugar by yeast into ethanol and carbon dioxide with the release of energy. The energy released is necessary for the vital activities of yeast. (Stanzer D, Hanousek Čiča K, Blesić M, Smajić Murtić M, Mrvčić J, Spaho N. Alcoholic Fermentation as a Source of Congeners in Fruit Spirits. Foods. 2023; 12(10):1951. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12101951)
Tissue taken from its original site and transferred to an artificial medium for growth or maintenance. (Society for In Vitro Biology. 1990. Terminology Associated with Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, Molecular Biology and Molecular Genetics. [Cited 11 November 2024]. https://sivb.org/education/terminology.html)
Note
Animal or plant tissue used for in vitro culture or transplantation
Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) is a viral, vector-borne disease in horses and humans that causes inflammation of the brain. The VEE virus is related to the viruses that cause Eastern and Western equine encephalitis. (Adapted from UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine. 2024. https://ceh.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/health-topics/venezuelan-equine-encephalitis-vee)
Fermented foods are foods produced or preserved by the action of microorganisms. In this context, fermentation typically refers to the fermentation of sugar to alcohol using yeast, but other fermentation processes involve the use of bacteria such as lactobacillus, including the making of foods such as yogurt and sauerkraut. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fermented_foods)
Fireblight is a disease caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora. Fireblight is a bacterial disease that kills the shoots of apples, pears and related ornamentals, giving the plant the appearance of having been scorched by fire. (Royal Horticultural Society, 2024. Fireblight. https://www.rhs.org.uk/disease/fireblight)
