A sunflower seed is a seed from a sunflower (Helianthus annuus). There are three types of commonly used sunflower seeds: linoleic (most common), high oleic, and sunflower oil seeds. (Wikipedia, 2024. Hypercalcaemia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercalcaemia)
The true "bay leaf", also known as "bay laurel" or "sweet bay", is sourced from the tree Laurus nobilis, a native of the Mediterranean region. (Raman V, Bussmann RW, Khan IA. Which Bay Leaf is in Your Spice Rack? - A Quality Control Study. Planta Med. 2017 Aug;83(12-13):1058-1067. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-103963. Epub 2017 Mar 1. PMID: 28249302.)
Wheat flour is the product prepared from grain of common wheat, Triticum aestivum L., or club wheat, Triticum compactum Host., or mixtures thereof, by grinding or milling processes in which the bran and germ are partly removed and the remainder is comminuted to a suitable degree of fineness. (FAO & WHO. 2021. Standard for Wheat Flour. Codex Standard, No. CXS 152-1985. Rome. https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius)
Cereal crops are anual plants, generally of the gramineous family, yielding grains used for food, feed, seed and industrial purposes, e.g., ethanol. They exclude legumes, such as pulses, but include rice, canary seed, buckwheat and triticale. It has been recommended that the denomination of "cereal crops" be limited to crops harvested for dry grain only, excluding, therefore, crops harvested green for forage, silage, grazing, etc.; and, in the case of maize, harvested green, also for food. (Adapted from FAO, 2024. Crops Statistics - Concepts, Definitions and Classifications )
Note
Grass crops producing edible grains; for the product use <1474>
A material that lowers the surface tension of the system to which it is added. (Tacon, A.G.J., 1987. The nutrition and feeding of farmed fish and shrimp - A training manual 2. Nutrient sources and composition. FAO Field Document. Project GCP/RLA/075/ITA, Field Document No. 5/E Brasilia, Brazil, 129 p. https://www.fao.org/4/ab468e/AB468E00.htm)
A companion crop is generally defined as a crop sown with another crop to gain some advantage in yield or crop protection from pests. In forage production, a small grain may be seeded with the forage crop. (https://forages.oregonstate.edu/nfgc/eo/onlineforagecurriculum/instructormaterials/availabletopics/esablishment/companioncrops)
A species of animal or plant threatened with extinction. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) refers to the category: “Endangered”, species thatface a very high risk of extinction in the near future. (Adapted from FAOLEX. 2025. Glossary https://www.fao.org/faolex/)
Hydraulic conductivity (K) defines the rate of movement of water through a porous medium such as a soil or aquifer. (http://www.connectedwater.gov.au/framework/hydrometric_k.php)
Pathological processes of the endocrine glands, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available hormones. (MeSH. 2024. Endocrine System Diseases. https://meshb-prev.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D004700)
A structure in the body that produces hormones which are then secreted directly into the bloodstream. (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2024. Environmental Health Sciences Glossary https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/glossary citing Dictionary of Environmental Health)
Dammar, also called dammar gum, or damar gum, is a resin obtained from the tree family Dipterocarpaceae in India and Southeast Asia, principally those of the genera Shorea or Hopea (synonym Balanocarpus). The resin of some species of Canarium may also called dammar. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dammar_gum)
