Coarse grains include barley, maize, popcorn, rye, oats, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, quinoa, fonio, triticale, canary seed, mixed grain and cereals. (FAO, 2014. Statistical Yearbook of the Food And Agricultural Organization for the United Nations 2014: Near East https://www.fao.org/3/i3591e/i3591e.pdf)
Principle that a living organism can arise only from another living organism (cf spontaneous generation). (Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research. GLOSSARY of PELAGIC BIOGEOGRAPHY)
Product obtained by removing the germ and bran followed by grinding, clean maize kernels using roller mills or other methods and sifting the resulting product to suitable degree of fineness. (EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY, 2011. EAST AFRICAN STANDARD Milled maize (corn) products — Specification EAS 44 (2011) https://law.resource.org/pub/eac/ibr/eas.44.2011.pdf)
Note
For the starch product made from the endosperm of the corn kernel, see "corn starch" <c_15500>.
The fruit of the cotton plant is a ball of seed cotton or unginned cotton i.e. cotton seeds surrounded by linters and lint fibres. The seed coat is rather hard. The oil content of the seeds is rather low, less than 20%, and so also protein content, even lower the content of carbohydrates, excluding fibre. Seeds used mainly for extraction of oil. Predominant fat of the oil, polyunsaturated fatty acids, more than 50%. (FAOTERM)
Cotton seed oil is derived from the seeds of various cultivated species of Gossypium spp (FAO & WHO. 2022. Standard for Named Vegetable Oils. Codex Standard, No. CXS 210-1999. Rome. https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius)
A juniper berry is the female seed cone produced by the various species of junipers. It is not a true berry but a cone with unusually fleshy and merged scales, which give it a berry-like appearance. The cones from a handful of species, especially Juniperus communis, are used as a spice, particularly in European cuisine, and also give gin its distinctive flavour. Juniper berries may be the only spice derived from conifers. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniper_berry)
Lavender oil is an essential oil obtained by distillation from the flower spikes of certain species of lavender. It is commonly used in aromatherapy, perfumery, and as a flavoring or fragrance in consumer products. (Wikipedia. 2025. Lavender oil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavender_oil)
Mace is the spice made from the reddish seed covering (aril) of the nutmeg seed. Its flavour is similar to nutmeg but more delicate; it is used to flavour baked goods, meat, fish, vegetables and in preserving and pickling (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutmeg#Mace)
