AGROVOC

Apramycin is a broad-spectrum aminocyclitol antibiotic produced by a strain of Streptomyces tenebrarius. (FAO, 2011. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additivess. RESIDUE EVALUATION OF CERTAIN VETERINARY DRUGS. Apramycin https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/agns/pdf/JECFA_Monograph_12.pdf)

Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group. (National Library of Medicine. MeSH (Medical Subject Headings), Azides. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68001386)

A dynamic complex of plant, animal and microorganism communities, and the non-living physical components of the environment (e.g. air, soil, water and sunlight), interacting as a functional unit. (FAO. 2022. The State of the World’s Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture – Systems at breaking point. Main report. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb9910en)

Baker's yeast refers to a type of unicellular fungus [typically] belonging to the species of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is produced by the multiplication of pure strains and is used as a biological leavening agent in bakery applications, with the main function of producing carbon dioxide and flavors. It is not a ready-to-eat product. (FAO & WHO. 2025. JOINT FAO/WHO FOOD STANDARDS PROGRAMME CODEX COMMITTEE ON FOOD ADDITIVES. PROPOSED DRAFT STANDARD FOR BAKER’S YEAST, CX/FA 25/55/11. Codex Alimentarius Commission. Rome.)

Bitter pit is a common disorder that causes dark spots on apples late in the season or in storage. This condition is related to lack of calcium in fruit and is often as a result of dry soil conditions. (https://www.rhs.org.uk/problems/bitter-pit-in-apples)

To fall apart; to disintegrate. (Wiktionary, 2024. Crumble. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/crumble)

Bonsai is the Japanese art of growing and shaping miniature trees in containers, with a long documented history of influences and native Japanese development over a thousand years, and with unique aesthetics, cultural history, and terminology derived from its evolution in Japan. The loanword "bonsai" has become an umbrella term in English, attached to many forms of diminutive potted plants. (Wikipedia, 2024. Bonsai. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonsai)

A briquette is a compressed block of coal dust or other combustible biomass material (e.g. charcoal, sawdust, wood chips,peat, or paper) used for fuel and kindling to start a fire. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briquette)

Bundling is defined as the sale of two or more separate products and/or services in one package. (Stremersch, S., & Tellis, G. J. (2002). Strategic bundling of products and prices: A new synthesis for marketing. Journal of Marketing, 66(1), 55–72. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.66.1. 55.18455; Yadav, M. S., & Monroe, K. B. (1993). How buyers perceive savings in a bundle price: An examination of a bundle’s transaction value. Journal of Marketing Research, 30(3), 350–358. https:// doi.org/10.1177/002224379303000306)

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a photosynthetic adaptation to periodic water supply, occurring in plants in arid regions (e.g., cacti) or in tropical epiphytes (e.g., orchids and bromeliads). CAM plants close their stomata during the day and take up CO2 at night, when the air temperature is lower and water loss can be lowered by an order of magnitude. (Min Chen, Robert E. Blankenship, Photosynthesis | Photosynthesis, Editor(s): Joseph Jez, Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry III (Third Edition), Elsevier, 2021, Pages 150-156, ISBN 9780128220405, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819460-7.00081-5)

Plants in which the CO2 is initially fixed by the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis. (https://lod.nal.usda.gov/nalt/20711)

Plants where the initial carbon fixation occurs in the outer mesophyll cells, and the Calvin cycle occurs in the inner bundle sheath cells. (https://lod.nal.usda.gov/nalt/20717)

An individual that contains cell populations derived from different zygotes. (MeSH, 2024. Chimera. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D002678)

Cocoa husks are the main by-product of the cocoa industry. Cocoa husks have a composition rich in lignin and non-starch polysaccharides, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. Their use holds significant commercial value, serving as an inexpensive raw material for the extraction of various components and as a potential biofuel source. (Nascimento MB, Alencar JCG, Paulino BN, Nascimento JCN, Ferreira TR, Batista AS, Nascimento MM, Soares SE, Mesquita PRR. Functional and technological potential of by-products from the cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) production chain. Food Chem. 2025 Nov 30;493(Pt 1):145718. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.145718. Epub 2025 Jul 29. PMID: 40749481.)

Crushing is a mechanical process where larger solid particles of brittle material are subjected to sufficiently high forces and energy with the consequence that the material of the particles fails and fragments are generated. This process happens predominantly in crushers. (Unland, Georg. (2007). Chapter 4 The Principles of Single-Particle Crushing. Handbook of Powder Technology. 12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-3785(07)12007-8.)

An organized set of interrelated data assembled for a specific purpose and held in one or more storage media. (FAO. 2014. Genebank Standards for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rev. ed. Rome. https://www.fao.org/3/a-i3704e.pdf)

The animal that provides genetic material or other biological material. In embryo transfers, the animal from which the embryos are removed is usually referred to as the donor, while the one that receives and carries the embryo is the recipient. (Adapted from Bedirian, K.; Burnside, E.; Kanagawa, H.Wilton, J. World animal review: 3 22-26. 1975. The commercial application of embryo transfer in domestic animals. https://www.fao.org/4/x6500e/x6500e03.htm)

Energy production refers to the process of generating usable energy from various sources to meet societal needs. It involves converting primary energy sources, such as fossil fuels, nuclear fuel, renewable resources, or other forms of energy, into a more convenient and usable form of energy, such as electricity, heat, or mechanical power. (FAOLEX. 2025. Glossary https://www.fao.org/faolex/)