An isotype is a duplicate of the holotype and is often made for plants, where holotype and isotypes are often pieces from the same individual plant or samples from the same gathering. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holotype)
An economic union is an agreement between two or more nations to allow goods, services, money and workers to move over borders freely. The countries may also coordinate social and financial policies to support this common market. (Business Development Bank of Canada, 2024. Glossary. Economic union. https://www.bdc.ca/en/articles-tools/entrepreneur-toolkit/templates-business-guides/glossary/economic-union)
Economics is the study of scarcity, the study of how people use resources and respond to incentives, or the study of decision-making. It often involves topics like wealth and finance, but it’s not all about money. Economics is a broad discipline that helps us understand historical trends, interpret today’s headlines, and make predictions about the coming years. (Adapted from American Economic Association. 2025. What is Economics? https://www.aeaweb.org/resources/students/what-is-economics)
The African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States (ACP) is an organisation created by the Georgetown Agreement in 1975. It is composed of 79 African, Caribbean and Pacific states, with all of them, save Cuba, signatories to the Cotonou Agreement, also known as the “ACP-EC Partnership Agreement” which binds them to the European Union. There are 48 countries from Sub-Saharan Africa, 16 from the Caribbean and 15 from the Pacific. (CARICOM. 2025. African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States, https://caricom.org/institutions/african-caribbean-and-pacific-group-of-states/)
Roots developing from the part of a plant other than roots, which are formed from nodes of the plant. (IRRI, 2002. Acronyms and Glossary of Rice Related Terminology http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/images/docs/acronyms-and-glossary-of-rice-related-terminology.pdf)
Allozymes are allelic variants of enzymes encoded by structural genes. (Wageningen University & Research, Allozymes https://www.wur.nl/en/show/Allozymes.htm Accessed 11 May 2023)
Boron is a chemical element with symbol B and atomic number 5. Classified as a metalloid, boron is a solid at room temperature. (National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Element Summary for AtomicNumber 5, Boron. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/Boron. Accessed June 25, 2024)
Americium is a man-made radioactive element with atomic symbol Am, atomic number 95, and atomic weight 243. (NCI Thesaurus (NCIt). Americium. https://ncithesaurus.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C229)
Aneuploidy is an abnormality in the number of chromosomes in a cell due to loss or duplication. In humans, aneuploidy would be any number of chromosomes other than the usual 46. (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2024. Talking Glossary of Genomic and Genetic Terms. Aneuploidy https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Aneuploidy)
Aplasia is a birth defect where an organ or tissue is wholly or largely absent. It is caused by a defect in a developmental process. (Wikipedia, 2024. Aplasia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplasia)
