Vaccines in which the infectious microbial nucleic acid components have been destroyed by chemical or physical treatment (e.g., formalin, beta-propiolactone, gamma radiation) without affecting the antigenicity or immunogenicity of the viral coat or bacterial outer membrane proteins. (MeSH. 2024. Vaccines, Inactivated. https://meshb-prev.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D015164)
A vaccine made from a virus that has been weakened so it does not cause the disease the virus usually causes. (National Cancer Institute, 2024. NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. Live virus vaccine. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/live-virus-vaccine)
Panicle: an indeterminate inflorescence in which the flowers are borne on branches of the main axis or on further branches of these (European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Caudullo, G., De Rigo, D., Mauri, A. et al., European atlas of forest tree species, Caudullo, G.(editor), De Rigo, D.(editor), Mauri, A.(editor), Houston Durrant, T.(editor), San-Miguel-Ayanz, J.(editor), Publications Office of the European Union, 2016, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/776635)
The native range of this species is S. Türkiye to Lebanon. It is a perennial and grows primarily in the subtropical biome. (Plants of the World Online. 2025. Rubia rotundifolia Banks & Sol. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/765340-1)
A mass of thin-walled cells, usually developed as the result of wounding or infection. (Washington State University, 2024. Hortsense Glossary. Callus. https://hortsense.cahnrs.wsu.edu/glossary/glossary-c/)
Note
Superficial tissue developing in plants in response to wounding; its regenerative capacity is used considerably in tissue culture
Gene–environment interaction refers to the interplay of genes (and, more broadly, genome function) and the physical and social environment. These interactions influence the expression of phenotypes. (https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Gene-Environment-Interaction Accessed 2 May 2023)
