Caused by the bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter, Huanglongbing is one of the greatest threats to the citrus industry worldwide, mainly affecting citrus and other plants in the Rutaceae family. The disease is widespread in Asia, Africa and the Americas, transmitted by two different insect vectors: the African citrus psyllid (Trioza erytreae) in Africa, and the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) in Asia and the Americas. (Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention, 2022 New Diagnostic Protocol for the causal agent of the most severe citrus disease adopted https://www.ippc.int/en/news/new-diagnostic-protocol-for-the-causal-agent-of-the-most-severe-citrus-disease-adopted/ Accessed 23 May 2023)
Site index is the most commonly used measure of potential site productivity, providing key information for forest management practices. It is determined using species-specific site index models that take into account climatic and edaphic factors. (Socha J, Tymińska-Czabańska L, Grabska E, Orzeł S. Site Index Models for Main Forest-Forming Tree Species in Poland. Forests. 2020; 11(3):301. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11030301)
The Multilateral System of Access and Benefit-Sharing (multilateral system) was created under the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA). The multilateral system embodies the key policy and legal concepts that shaped the negotiations of the Treaty, such as food security, sovereign rights of States over their own plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA), intellectual property rights, and applies those concepts to an operational instrument of access and benefit-sharing that aims to serve the community of farmers and breeders worldwide. (Manzella, D. 2013. The Design and Mechanics of the Multilateral System of Access and Benefit Sharing. In Crop Genetic Resources as a Global Commons: Challenges in International Governance and Law, eds. M. Halewood, I. Lopez Noriega, and S. Louafi. Oxon: Routledge https://doi.org/10.4324/9781849776813)
Note
The Multilateral System of Access and Benefit-Sharing is also a global gene pool of crops and forages. It includes 64 of the world’s most important crops.
Dehydrin (DHN) is a multi-family of proteins present in plants that is produced in response to cold and drought stress. DHNs are hydrophilic, reliably thermostable, and disordered. They are stress proteins with a high number of charged amino acids that belong to the Group II Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) family. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehydrin)
Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is a newly discovered virus of tilapines which was taxonomically updated as Tilapia tilapinevirus species, under Tilapinevirus genus, Amnoonviridae family (ICTV, 2018). (Ha Thanh Dong, Saengchan Senapin, Warachin Gangnonngiw, Vuong Viet Nguyen, Channarong Rodkhum, Partho Pratim Debnath, Jerome Delamare-Deboutteville, Chadag Vishnumurthy Mohan, Experimental infection reveals transmission of tilapia lake virus (TiLV) from tilapia broodstock to their reproductive organs and fertilized eggs, Aquaculture, Volume 515, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734541.)
Lepidium draba, the whitetop or hoary cress, is a rhizomatous perennial flowering plant in the cabbage family Brassicaceae. It is native to western Asia and southeastern Europe and widely introduced elsewhere. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepidium_draba)
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects. (Adapted from Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification)
A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2010/MB_cgi)
The linear array of genes on a chromosome, based on recombination frequencies (linkage map) or physical location (physical or chromosomal map). (FAO Glossary of biotechnology and genetic engineering, 1999 https://www.fao.org/3/x3910e/X3910E10.htm )
A type of mutation in which a section of a chromosome breaks off and moves to a new position in that or a different chromosome. (Hoy 2003. In IAEA. 2006. SIT-Glossary https://nucleus-qa.iaea.org/sites/naipc/twd/Pages/SIT-Glossary.aspx)
Cock is a male chicken at least one year of age or older. (The Livestock Conservancy. 2024. ANIMAL TERMS AND THEIR PROPER USAGE. https://livestockconservancy.org/resources/animal-terms/)
Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer. (DeCS/MeSH. 2025. Computer software. https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=19402)
