In statistics, originally in geostatistics, kriging or Gaussian process regression is a method of interpolation for which the interpolated values are modeled by a Gaussian process governed by prior covariances, as opposed to a piecewise-polynomial spline chosen to optimize smoothness of the fitted values. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriging)
A dibber or dibble or dibbler is a pointed wooden stick for making holes in the ground so that seeds, seedlings or small bulbs can be planted. Dibbers come in a variety of designs including the straight dibber, T-handled dibber, trowel dibber, and L-shaped dibber. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibber)
Interactive system of marketing which uses one or more advertising media to effect a measurable response and/or transaction at any location. Includes direct mail advertising, mail order businesses, telemarketing, home shopping services, etc. (UNBIS http://metadata.un.org/thesaurus/1001675)
Providing living spaces for plants or animals and maintaining a diversity of plants and animals, are ‘supporting services' and the basis of all ecosystems and their services. (http://www.fao.org/ecosystem-services-biodiversity/background/supporting-services/en/)
A direct tax is one that the taxpayer pays directly to the government. These taxes cannot be shifted to others. A homeowner pays personal property taxes directly to the government. (https://apps.irs.gov/app/understandingTaxes/student/whys_thm04_les04.jsp)
Participatory plant breeding (PPB) is the process by which the producers and other stakeholders are actively involved in a plant-breeding programme, with opportunities to make decisions throughout. (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7119-6)
Describing any organism which has low susceptibility or has the ability to withstand a disease caused by infectious agents (i.e., viruses, bacteria, fungi) or by parasitic nematodes, protozoa and helminths. (http://agclass.nal.usda.gov/mtwdk.exe?k=default&l=60&w=151&n=1&s=5&t=2)
Passing of a pathogen causing communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to a particular individual or group, regardless of whether the other individual was previously infected. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine))
Bean rust is a fungal disease of the foliage, spread by airborne spores. Infection is favoured by wet weather conditions. Rust on Phaseolus beans is caused by the fungus Uromyces appendiculatus. Symptoms of the bean rust disease can occur on most aerial parts of the common bean plant but are most often observed on the leaves. Symptoms can also occur on pods, branches and stems. (Royal Horticultural Society, 2024. Runner and French bean rust https://www.rhs.org.uk/disease/runner-and-french-bean-rust and Universidad de Puerto Rico, 2018. Common bean rust http://arsftfbean.uprm.edu/bic/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Rust.pdf)
The Phanerozoic Eon is the current geologic eon in the geologic time scale, and the one during which abundant animal and plant life has existed. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phanerozoic)
Nature-based solutions are actions to protect, conserve, restore, and sustainably use and manage ecosystems to support climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts, preserve biodiversity, and enable sustainable livelihoods. They are actions that prioritize the importance of ecosystems and biodiversity and are designed and implemented with the full engagement and consent of local communities and Indigenous Peoples, who hold generational knowledge on protecting nature. (UNDP. 2023. The Climate Dictionary. https://www.undp.org/publications/climate-dictionary)
A chemical or mixture of chemicals used to kill microorganisms, but not necessarily spores. Disinfectants are usually applied to inanimate surfaces or objects. (Laboratory biosafety manual, WHO 2004)
