AGROVOC

General term alluding to the undesirable addition of substances (gases, liquids, or solid particles) to the atmosphere that are foreign to the natural atmosphere or are present in quantities exceeding natural concentrations. (Global Fire Monitoring Center, 2011. International multilingual forest fire terminology. http://www.fire.uni-freiburg.de/literature/RUS-MON-GER-ENG-Glossary-Web.pdf)

Digitaria exilis, referred to as findi or fundi in areas of Africa, such as The Gambia, with English common names white fonio, fonio millet, and hungry rice or acha rice, is a grass species. It is the most important of a diverse group of wild and domesticated Digitaria species known as fonio that are harvested in the savannas of West Africa. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitaria_exilis)

The dimension of a space or object is informally defined as the minimum number of coordinates needed to specify any point within it. (Wikipedia. 2025. Dimension https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimension)

A hydrophone is a microphone designed to be used underwater for recording or listening to underwater sound. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophone)

A transparent, granular, deep-sea rock, primarily composed of plagioclase. (Translated from https://sozluk.gov.tr/)

The genus Dioscorea is the type genus of the family Dioscoreaceae and is the largest genus within this family, with 644 known species. Many wild Dioscorea species are used as medicinal plants or as famine foods in Asia. (Lebot, V. and Dulloo E. 2021. Global strategy for the conservation and use of yam genetic resources. Global Crop Diversity Trust, Bonn, Germany. https://www.croptrust.org/fileadmin/uploads/croptrust/Documents/Ex_Situ_Conservation_Strategies/Yams_Conservation_Strategy_2021.pdf)

D. alata L. (Enantiophyllum): The greater yam is the most widely distributed species. Together with D.rotundata, it accounts for the bulk of world production. In most tropical countries, it is the preferred species because of its ease of cultivation, taste and long postharvest life. (Lebot, V. and Dulloo E. 2021. Global strategy for the conservation and use of yam genetic resources. Global Crop Diversity Trust, Bonn, Germany. https://www.croptrust.org/fileadmin/uploads/croptrust/Documents/Ex_Situ_Conservation_Strategies/Yams_Conservation_Strategy_2021.pdf)

D. bulbifera L. (Opsophyton): This species is characterized by the profuse production of large bulbils located at the base of the petioles. Wild forms are not edible. Bulbils vary in shape, skin color, skin texture, flesh color and taste. Some cultivars produce palatable tubers. (Lebot, V. and Dulloo E. 2021. Global strategy for the conservation and use of yam genetic resources. Global Crop Diversity Trust, Bonn, Germany. https://www.croptrust.org/fileadmin/uploads/croptrust/Documents/Ex_Situ_Conservation_Strategies/Yams_Conservation_Strategy_2021.pdf)

Dioscorea cayenensis is a species of yam in the genus Dioscorea that is a widely consumed West African domesticated crop. (Wikipedia. 2026. Dioscorea cayenensis. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioscorea_cayenensis)

D. dumetorum (Kunth) Pax (Enantiophyllum): This species is widely cultivated in eastern Nigeria and in Benin. It is very high yielding, and the tubers may be single or form a cluster. The leaves are trifoliate, which differentiates this species from other edible and cultivated African yams. There are some toxic wild forms unsuitable for consumption. (ebot, V. and Dulloo E. 2021. Global strategy for the conservation and use of yam genetic resources. Global Crop Diversity Trust, Bonn, Germany. https://www.croptrust.org/fileadmin/uploads/croptrust/Documents/Ex_Situ_Conservation_Strategies/Yams_Conservation_Strategy_2021.pdf)

D. esculenta (Lour.) Burkill (Combilium): Numerous cultivars exist across India, Southeast Asia and the Pacific islands. However, compared to other cultivated species, morphological variation is limited. The tubers are of good palatability, have a soft flesh texture and are free from toxicity and bitterness. (Lebot, V. and Dulloo E. 2021. Global strategy for the conservation and use of yam genetic resources. Global Crop Diversity Trust, Bonn, Germany. https://www.croptrust.org/fileadmin/uploads/croptrust/Documents/Ex_Situ_Conservation_Strategies/Yams_Conservation_Strategy_2021.pdf)

Black salsify (Scorzonera hispanica), is also known as Spanish salsify. Black salsify is a cool season crop grown primarily for its long, brown-black roots, but its leaves can also be used as fresh greens for salads. (Utah State University, 2020. How to Grow Black Salsify in Your Garden https://extension.usu.edu/yardandgarden/research/black-salsify-in-the-garden)

D. nummularia Lam. (Enantiophyllum): The tuber flesh varies between cultivars, from white to purple, and some oxidize faster than others. It is the most important species in some parts of New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Samoa. It is hardy, resistant to diseases and high yielding. (Lebot, V. and Dulloo E. 2021. Global strategy for the conservation and use of yam genetic resources. Global Crop Diversity Trust, Bonn, Germany. https://www.croptrust.org/fileadmin/uploads/croptrust/Documents/Ex_Situ_Conservation_Strategies/Yams_Conservation_Strategy_2021.pdf)

D. oppositifolia L. (Enantiophyllum): This species, often called D. opposita, is the major yam of economic importance grown in temperate regions. (Lebot, V. and Dulloo E. 2021. Global strategy for the conservation and use of yam genetic resources. Global Crop Diversity Trust, Bonn, Germany. https://www.croptrust.org/fileadmin/uploads/croptrust/Documents/Ex_Situ_Conservation_Strategies/Yams_Conservation_Strategy_2021.pdf)