Near most coastlines the vertical component of the geomagnetic variation field is abnormally large and correlates positively with the inland horizontal component. This phenomenon is known as the geomagnetic coast effect. (Parkinson, W.D., & Jones, F.W. (1979). The geomagnetic coast effect. Reviews of Geophysics, 17, 1999-2015. https://doi.org/10.1029/RG017i008p01999)
In gramineous plants, the first leaf below the inflorescence is usually called the flag leaf (the last leaf to emerge), and the leaves at other positions of a plant are called functional leaves. (Guo J, Li H, Zhou C, Yang Y. Effects of Flag Leaf and Number of Vegetative Ramets on Sexual Reproductive Performance in the Clonal Grass Leymus chinensis. Front Plant Sci. 2020 Oct 30;11:534278. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.534278. PMID: 33193474; PMCID: PMC7661390.)
Abalone viral ganglioneuritis (AVG), caused by Haliotid herpesvirus-1 is a disease that has been responsible for extensive mortalities in wild and farmed abalone and has caused significant economic losses in Asia and Australia since outbreaks occurred in the early 2000s. (Adapted from Corbeil S. Abalone Viral Ganglioneuritis. Pathogens. 2020; 9(9):720. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9090720)
A mulch where leaves from tree or shrubs are used to cover soil surface. Leaves that have been mowed or shredded will decompose faster and are more likely to remain in place than unshredded leaves. (AGROVOC team)
Yellow head disease is a viral infection of shrimp and prawn, highly infectious for most known species of cultivated penaeid prawns. The causative agent of yellowhead disease is yellowhead virus, a corona-like RNA virus in the genus Okavirus. (Adapted from Aquatic Animal Diseases Significant to Australia: Identification Field Guide 4th Edition https://www.agriculture.gov.au/sites/default/files/sitecollectiondocuments/animal-plant/aquatic/field-guide/4th-edition/crustaceans/yellowhead-disease.pdf)
The Precambrian (or Pre-Cambrian, sometimes abbreviated pЄ, or Cryptozoic) is the earliest part of Earth's history, set before the current Phanerozoic Eon. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precambrian)
A social sanction is a social reaction of approval or disapproval in response to someone’s actions. Social sanctions enforce a standard of behaviour that is deemed socially acceptable and this is essential for society to regulate itself and maintain order. (Claridge, T. 2020. Social sanctions—Overview, meaning, examples, types and importance. Institute for Social Capital. https://www.socialcapitalresearch.com/social-sanctions/)
Low-emission development (LED): A development-first approach that integrates climate change objectives in development planning and proposes technical or policy options that have lower emission trajectories. By integrating climate change with development objectives, it is more aligned with the goals of developing countries. (https://agledx.ccafs.cgiar.org/glossary/)
Abomasum: the fourth stomach of a ruminant equivalent to the only stomach present in animals with single stomachs. The abomasum secretes acids and enzymes to digest feed. (https://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/themes/documents/LPS/dairy/GLO/Glossary/css/Glossary_1.htm)
Plant characters related to crop production usually observed during plant growth; e.g., height, maturity, tiller number, panicle size, yield and quality factors. (IRRI, 2002. Acronyms and Glossary of Rice Related Terminology http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/images/docs/acronyms-and-glossary-of-rice-related-terminology.pdf)
Transit peptides are N-terminal extensions that facilitate the targeting and translocation of cytosolically synthesized precursors into plastids via a post-translational mechanism. (Bruce, B.D., 2001. The paradox of plastid transit peptides: conservation of function despite divergence in primary structure. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Cell Research, 1541(1-2), pp.2-21.)
