The carbon footprint is a measure of the exclusive total amount of carbon dioxide emissions that is directly and indirectly caused by an activity or is accumulated over the life stages of a product. (FAOTERM)
Agricultural innovation systems (AIS) is a network of actors (individuals, organizations and enterprises), together with supporting institutions and policies in the agricultural and related sectors that bring existing or new products, processes, and forms of organization into social and economic use. Policies and institutions (formal and informal) shape the way that these actors interact, generate, share and use knowledge as well as jointly learn. (http://www.fao.org/in-action/tropical-agriculture-platform/background/ais-a-new-take-on-innovation/en/)
Frothing at the mouth, or foaming at the mouth, is a medical symptom characterized by the presence of excessive saliva that may have a frothy appearance. When excess saliva pools in the mouth or lungs and is mixed with air, froth is created. (AGROVOC Team, 2023)
Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary branch of biology and engineering. The subject combines disciplines from within these domains and applies these disciplines to build artificial biological systems for research, engineering and medical applications. (Adapted from Wageningen University and Research eDepot. Glossary Molecular Markers in Plant Breeding https://edepot.wur.nl/571324)
A law reform is a modification of an existing law, either by the revision of an existing law or by the enactment of a new law. (Adapted from FAO. 2003. Multilingual Thesaurus on Land Tenure. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/x2038e)
No single cause has been identified; rather it is believed that the collapse of colonies arises as a result of the various honey bee pathogens that are now widely distributed (for example, the predatory mite Varroa destructor) and the viruses they carry, combined with the stress caused to bees by intensive, industrialized beekeeping. The bee stocks used by the global beekeeping industry are by now infested with a number of pathogens that are spread almost worldwide. (FAOTERM)
The term 'spatial remote sensing' is used to describe the measurements taken from satellites (the term 'airborne remote sensing' is used when such measurements are taken from aircraft). (Department VI of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 2006 (http://www.mumm.ac.be/EN/Monitoring/RemoteSensing/index.php) )
Legally or customarily recognized entitlements granted to individuals, communities or entities to hunt wildlife within designated areas, under specific conditions set by national laws or traditional authorities. (FAOLEX. 2025. Glossary https://www.fao.org/faolex/)
A gene is declared differentially expressed if an observed difference or change in read counts or expression levels between two experimental conditions is statistically significant. (Anjum A, Jaggi S, Varghese E, Lall S, Bhowmik A, Rai A. Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in RNA-seq Data of Arabidopsis thaliana: A Compound Distribution Approach. J Comput Biol. 2016 Apr;23(4):239-47. doi: 10.1089/cmb.2015.0205. Epub 2016 Mar 7. PMID: 26949988; PMCID: PMC4827276.)
In animals and humans, tongue extending beyond the alveolar ridges or teeth at rest. Protruding tongue is also seen as a symptom in bees and birds. (Adapted from Human Phenotype Ontology, 2024. Protruding tongue https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0010808)
Note
A protruded tongue can be a clinical sign indicating various underlying health conditions, such as neurological disorders or systemic diseases.
