In botany, a cortex is an outer layer of a stem or root in a vascular plant, lying below the epidermis but outside of the vascular bundles. (Allaby, Michael (2019). Allaby, Michael (ed.). A Dictionary of Plant Sciences. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780198833338.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-883333-8.)
Zero grazing is a production system where animals are kept in an enclosure or building, and farmers bring all the feed and water to the animals. (Adapted from https://teca.apps.fao.org/teca/en/technologies/8926 AND https://www.fao.org/3/y0501e/y0501e07.htm)
Actions intended to threaten or hurt another person or to damage property that may be physical, verbal, or symbolic (e.g., acting against the other person's interests). Aggressive behaviour may be appropriate and self-protective, or inappropriate, hostile, and destructive. (WGP, 2023. ICD-11 MB23.0 Aggressive behaviour https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/501393848)
A process for calculating and comparing the benefits and costs of a given policy or project, based on assigning a monetary value to all the associated activities. It is used to evaluate the feasibility or profitability of projects and public policy interventions. It aggregates the costs and benefits in different periods to a single value using a discount rate, assigning lower weight to the costs and benefits as they happen further into the future. (TEEB. 2018. TEEB for Agriculture & Food: Scientific and Economic Foundations Report. Geneva, Switzerland, UN Environment. https://teebweb.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Foundations_Report_Final_October.pdf)
In common usage, a cost is the monetary value of goods and services that producers and consumers purchase. (FAO. 2023. The State of Food and Agriculture 2023 – Revealing the true cost of food to transform agrifood systems. Rome.
https://doi.org/10.4060/cc7724en)
Cotoneaster is a genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, native to the Palaearctic region. They are related to hawthorns (Crataegus), firethorns (Pyracantha), photinias (Photinia), and rowans (Sorbus) (Wikipedia. 2024. Cotoneaster. [Cited 11 November 2024]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotoneaster)
