A green wall is a vertical built structure intentionally covered by vegetation. Green walls include a vertically applied growth medium such as soil, substitute substrate, or hydroculture felt; as well as an integrated hydration and fertigation delivery system. They are also referred to as living walls or vertical gardens, and widely associated with the delivery of many beneficial ecosystem services. (Wikipedia. 2026. Green wall. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_wall)
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Form of building greening, not to be confused with Great Green Wall. For "vertical farming, see <c_ced6dfa6>.
The structure of a particular stock, in terms of its size or age composition or in terms of its species composition (for a multispecies stock). (Restrepo V. (1999): Annotated Glossary of Terms in Executive Summary Reports of the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas´ Standing Committee on Research and Statistics (SCRS). ICCAT)
Food derived from terrestrial animals (FAO. 2023. Contribution of terrestrial animal source food to healthy diets for improved nutrition and health outcomes – An evidence and policy overview on the state of knowledge and gaps. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc3912en)
Methods to electronically store and transfer funds; to make and receive payments; to borrow, save, insure and invest; and to manage personal or business finances. (ITU-T SG12, Rec. ITU-T P.1503, Extended methodology for cross-country and inter-operator digital financial services testing - https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-P.1503-202303-I/en)
Environmental hazards may include chemical, natural and biological hazards. They can be created by environmental degradation or physical or chemical pollution in the air, water and soil. (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR). 2017. The Sendai Framework Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction. "Hazard". Accessed 18 March 2026. https://www.undrr.org/terminology/hazard.)
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Many of the processes and phenomena that fall into the category of environmental hazards may be termed drivers of hazard and risk rather than hazards in themselves, such as soil degradation, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, salinization and sea-level rise.
The meaningful participation of persons with disabilities in all their diversity, the promotion of their rights and the consideration of disability-related perspectives, in compliance with the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. (UN. 2019. United Nations Disability Inclusion Strategy. https://www.un.org/en/content/disabilitystrategy/)
It is one of the domestic goat breeds raised for meat, milk and hair in Turkey. (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299341428_DOMESTIC_ANIMAL_GENETIC_RESOURCES_IN_TURKEY_English_version_of_Turkiye_Evcil_Hayvan_Genetik_Kaynaklari)
The level at which food is offered to fish or another animal over an unit time (T), usually given as the percentage of body weight per time T. (Adapted from FAO. 1998. AQUALEX. Multilingual glossary of aquaculture terms / Glossaire multilingue relatif aux termes utilisés en aquaculture. CD ROM, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. & Praxis Publ., UK.)
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For feeding level or plane of nutrition, as in the amount of feed (expressed relative to maintenance requirements) supplied to an organism, see "feeding level" <c_16128>.
A polymer derived from more than one species of monomer. (PAC, 1996, 68, 2287. (Glossary of basic terms in polymer science (IUPAC Recommendations 1996)) on page 2300)
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Copolymers obtained from the copolymerization of two monomer species are sometimes called bipolymers. Those obtained from three and four monomers are called terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively.
Causal positive relationship between the number of individuals in a population and their fitness. The more individuals there are (up to a point), the better they fare. (Garcia, S.M., Ye, Y., Rice, J. & Charles, A., eds. 2018. Rebuilding of marine fisheries.
Part 1: Global review. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 630/1.
Rome, FAO. 294 pp. https://www.fao.org/3/ca0161en/ca0161en.pdf)
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For "depensation" see c_2a024558. The term “depensation” is mostly used in fisheries but is generally referred to in conservation science as Allee effect, positive density dependence, under-crowding, etc. The Allee effect is a causal positive relationship between the number of individuals in a population and their fitness. The more individuals there are (up to a point), the better they fare.
Elevation of core body temperature above 40.6 degrees centigrade [in humans] due to environmental heat exposure and a failure of thermoregulation. This is a potentially fatal disorder, particularly in infants and children. (Adapted from ICD-11. 2026. NF01.0 Heat stroke. https://icd.who.int/browse/2026-01/mms/en#965393145)
The use of machinery and equipment in agricultural operations to improve their diagnosis, decision-making or performing, reducing the drudgery of agricultural work and/or improving the timeliness, and potentially the precision, of agricultural operations. Agricultural automation includes technologies for precision agriculture. (FAO. 2022. The State of Food and Agriculture 2022. Leveraging automation in agriculture for transforming agrifood systems.Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb9479en)
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides V.) is a deciduous plant found in alpine arid regions or the cold desert. It is a shrub that has great value for economic development. Its fruit is rich in folic acid, vitamin C, vitamin E, polyphenol compounds and sea buckthorn flavonoids, all of which promote metabolism, enhance body functions and combat oxidants. (FAO and Non-Timber Forest Products-Exchange Programme. 2020. Naturally Beautiful – Cosmetic and beauty products from forests. Bangkok. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8590en)
Industrial roundwood is all roundwood used for any purpose other than energy. It comprises pulpwood, sawlogs and veneer logs, and other industrial roundwood (e.g. roundwood used for fence posts and telephone or electricity poles) (FAO. 2025. Global forest products facts and figures 2024 – Industrial roundwood, sawnwood, wood-based panels fibre furnish, paper and paperboard wood fuel, charcoal and pellets export, and import value. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd8005en)
A crop that comprises a major part of people's diets and supplies a major proportion of their energy and nutrient needs. (Based on: International Atomic Energy Agency, Food Security and Staple Crops, IAEA Bulletin 53-3, September 2012, p. 11)
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Staple crops such as sugar cane, maize, wheat and rice together account for nearly half of global crop production.
Computer vision is a field of artificial intelligence that enables computers to derive information from images, videos and other inputs. It involves tasks like object recognition, image classification, object detection, image segmentation, and video analysis. (FAO. 2025. Digital agriculture and AI innovation roadmap – For the global agrifood systems transformation. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd5956en)
Assets of the natural environment. These consist of biological assets (produced or wild), land and water areas with their ecosystems, subsoil assets and air. (OECD. 2008. OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264055087-en)
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Natural assets include those components of the natural environment that can be used by humans - either directly, indirectly or potentially and are therefore of value to society.
The seed of the cocoa fruit, which is composed of the episperm (also called integument, testa or shell), embryo and cotyledon. (FAO and WHO. 2023. Code of practice for the prevention and reduction of cadmium contamination in cocoa beans. Codex Code of Practice No. CXC 81-2022. Codex Alimentarius Commission. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc5333en)
A website is a collection of related web pages, including multimedia content, typically identified with a common domain name and hosted on at least one web server that can be accessed via the Internet. It consists of interlinked hypertext documents made available through the World Wide Web, accessible through a web browser and organized into a coherent user interface to deliver specific functionalities or content. (FAO. 2026. Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Portal. Website, https://sti-portal.fao.org/taxonomy/term/1039 citing World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), with International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as secondary source.)
The capture, tagging and releasing of organisms to be recaptured later in their life cycles. These studies are used to study organism movement, migration, mortality, and growth, and to estimate population size. (Adapted from Roberts, K.J. et al., 1995. Defining fisheries: a user’s glossary. Louisiana State University, Louisiana, USA, 22 p. (Rev.). In: FAO. 2009. Glossary of fisheries.)
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Capture-recapture studies are designed to systematically tag, release and recapture individuals on multiple sampling occasions.
World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection under an international treaty administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance. The sites are judged to contain "cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to humanity". (Wikipedia. 2026. World Heritage Site https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Site)
A park is an area of natural, semi-natural, or planted space set aside for human enjoyment and recreation or for the protection of wildlife or natural habitats. It may consist of grassy areas, rocks, soil, and trees, but may also contain buildings and other artifacts such as monuments, fountains or playground structures. (Sadeghian, M.M., & Vardanyan, Z. 2015. A Brief Review On Urban Park History, Classification And Function. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 4, 120-124.)
Technology that enhances or replaces real-world experiences with simulated ones. Virtual reality (VR) immerses users in entirely computer-generated environments. Uses specialized hardware and software to create interactive, three-dimensional experiences that can be applied across sectors including education, healthcare, manufacturing, and entertainment. (Adapted from FAO. 2026. Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Portal. Augmented/virtual reality https://sti-portal.fao.org/taxonomy/term/1017 citing World Economic Forum, with WIPO and IEEE as secondary sources)
A broad set of methods and technologies that aim to deliberately alter the climate system in order to alleviate the impacts of cli- mate change. Most, but not all, methods seek to either (1) reduce the amount of absorbed solar energy in the climate system (solar radiation management, or solar radiation modification, SRM) or (2) increase net carbon sinks from the atmosphere at a scale sufficiently large to alter climate (i.e., carbon dioxide removal, CDR). (IPCC. 2019. Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. https://www.ipcc.ch/srocc/chapter/glossary/)
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Scale and intent are of central importance. Two key characteristics of geoengineering methods of particular concern are that they use or affect the climate system (e.g., atmosphere, land or ocean) globally or regionally and/or could have substantive unintended effects that cross national boundaries. Geoengineering is different from weather modification and ecological engineering, but the boundary can be unclear.
The crew of a ship are the personnel who sail on board and are responsible for its operation, primarily when the ship is at sea. They also have some responsibilities when in port. (Norwegian Centre for Maritime and Diving Medicine. 2022. Textbook of Maritime Health. C.3.1 Organisational structure on board https://textbook.maritimemedicine.com/volumes/working-and-living-at-sea/4-3-positions-on-board.html)
