A state, triggered by an animal health event creating a major disruption or condition that can often be anticipated or prepared for, but is seldom accurately foreseen. (Gary, F., Clauss, M., Bonbon, E. & Myers, L. 2021. Good emergency management practice: The essentials – A guide to preparing for animal health emergencies. Third edition. FAO Animal Production and Health Manual No. 25. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb3833en)
The term "soft law" refers to non-binding legal instruments. It is often contrasted with "hard law". Although of non-binding nature, soft law has a tremendous influence on the development of the law. Generally and almost ineluctably, domestic and international practice will adopt such resolutions as parameters guiding its actions. Progressively, then a process of hardening into law can take place. (FAOTERM https://www.fao.org/faoterm/viewEntry/en/?entryId=100303)
Note
The term "soft law" is also often used to describe various kinds of quasi-legal instruments of the European Communities: "codes of conduct", "guidelines", "communications" etc. In the area of law of the European Communities, soft law instruments are often used to indicate how the European Commission intends to use its powers and perform its tasks within its area of competence.
Grapefuit juice is the unfermented but fermentable liquid obtained from the edible part of sound, appropriately mature and fresh grapefruit or of grapefruit maintained in sound condition by suitable means including post harvest surface treatments. (Adapted from FAO & WHO. 2022. General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars. Codex Standard, CXS 247-2005. Codex Alimentarius Commission. Rome. https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius)
The pathway along which logs are yarded with a cable yarding system. (Dykstra, DP, Heinrich, R. 1996. FAO model code of forest harvesting practice. Rome, Italy, Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization. FAO. http://www.fao.org/docrep/v6530e/v6530e00.HTM)
A set of interrelated or interacting elements of an organization to establish quality policies and quality objectives, and processes to achieve those objectives. (United Nations Statistics Division. 2022. Handbook on Management and Organization of National Statistical Systems. https://unstats.un.org/capacity-development/handbook/Handbook_20231001.pdf)
These corridors are formed by environmentally friendly production systems that include silvopastoral systems, agroforestry, mixed orchards, water-source and shore restoration, mangrove restoration and wetland recovery with aquatic agriculture, combining species that support both biodiversity conservation and food production. The process includes territorial planning, social participation with an intercultural vision, effective management of existing protected areas, creation of new protected areas and creation of buffer zones connecting protected areas, and feasibility analysis of potential conservation incentive and certification schemes. (FAO and UNEP. 2020. The State of the World’s Forests 2020. Forests, biodiversity and people. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8642en)
The movement of persons or groups of persons who, predominantly for reasons of sudden or progressive changes in the environment that adversely affect their lives or living conditions, are forced to leave their places of habitual residence, or choose to do so, either temporarily or permanently, and who move within or outside their country of origin or habitual residence (International Organization for Migration. Glossary on Migration. 2019 https://publications.iom.int/books/international-migration-law-ndeg34-glossary-migration)
The wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella, is in the family Eriophyidae, superfamily Eriophyoidea, and order Trombidiformes. On wheat, A. tosichella colonize the plant by feeding within the whorl of a developing leaf on thin-walled epidermal tissue known as bulliform cells. The greatest economic impact of wheat curl mites results from the ability of the nymphs and adults to transmit at least four economically important plant viruses to wheat and numerous other grass hosts: wheat streak mosaic virus, wheat mosaic virus (formerly known as high plains virus), triticum mosaic virus, and brome streak mosaic virus. (Edde, Peter. (2022). Arthropod pests of small grains: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818621-3.00001-X)
Chlorophyll content indicates the amount of chlorophyll pigments in tissue of plants and algae, including leaves, stems and harvested plant materials. (AGROVOC Team)
The uppermost leaf of a wheat plant, the flag leaf, plays a major role in supplying the developing grain with photoassimilates after anthesis. (Zanella CM, Rotondo M, McCormick-Barnes C, Mellers G, Corsi B, Berry S, Ciccone G, Day R, Faralli M, Galle A, Gardner KA, Jacobs J, Ober ES, Sánchez Del Rio A, Van Rie J, Lawson T, Cockram J. Longer epidermal cells underlie a quantitative source of variation in wheat flag leaf size. New Phytol. 2023 Mar;237(5):1558-1573. doi: 10.1111/nph.18676. Epub 2022 Dec 28. PMID: 36519272; PMCID: PMC10107444.)
A dynamic and bounded set of interconnected components – including people, institutions, and activities– that work together to deliver specific functions within a larger system (e.g. input supply, school meal programmes and waste management systems). Subsystems interact with each other and contribute to the overall functions of the system. (FAO. 2025. Transforming food and agriculture through a systems approach. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd6071en)
Process of monitoring the results of data compilation and ensuring the quality of the statistical results. (EU Vocabularies. Data validation http://data.europa.eu/vjg/qglossary/c_1daf244f)
The value of something which has to be given up in order to get something else which is desired (e.g., the environmental cost incurred to obtain economic development). Trade-off patterns between resources are determined by the different properties of a system, and their importance to different groups. The understanding of social dynamics and resource-use systems and the evaluation of related trade-offs, in terms of equity, productivity, resilience, and environmental stability, are useful to envision alternative development scenarios. (FAO. 2008. Glossary of aquaculture. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/a1555m)
Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a tool by which researchers can obtain quantitative estimates of similarity among groups of items. More formally, multidimensional scaling refers to a set of statistical techniques that are used to reduce the complexity of a data set, permitting visual appreciation of the underlying relational structures contained therein. (Hout MC, Papesh MH, Goldinger SD. Multidimensional scaling. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci. 2013 Jan;4(1):93-103. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1203. Epub 2012 Oct 8. PMID: 23359318; PMCID: PMC3555222.)
A functional passage zone or area of connection, potentially allowing movement and connectivity between two areas. It can also be a landscape unit defined by a particular characteristic. (Adapted from UNTERM https://unterm.un.org/unterm2/en)
Citrus juice is the unfermented but fermentable liquid obtained from the edible part of sound, appropriately mature and fresh citrus fruit or of citrus fruit maintained in sound condition by suitable means including post harvest surface treatments. (Adapted from FAO & WHO. 2022. General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars. Codex Standard, CXS 247-2005. Codex Alimentarius Commission. Rome. https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius)
The way work is divided between men and women according to gender roles, or what is considered suitable and valuable based on gender. This does not necessarily concern paid employment only, but more generally the work, tasks and responsibilities assigned to women and men in their daily roles within and outside the household and community, including unpaid or care work. (FAO. 2023. The status of women in agrifood systems. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc5343en)
Lemon juice is the unfermented but fermentable liquid obtained from the edible part of sound, appropriately mature and fresh lemons (Citrus limon Burm. f.) or of lemons maintained in sound condition by suitable means including post harvest surface treatments. (Adapted from FAO & WHO. 2022. General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars. Codex Standard, CXS 247-2005. Codex Alimentarius Commission. Rome. https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius)
Lime juice is the unfermented but fermentable liquid obtained from the edible part of sound, appropriately mature and fresh limes or of limes maintained in sound condition by suitable means including post harvest surface treatments. (Adapted from FAO & WHO. 2022. General Standard for Fruit Juices and Nectars. Codex Standard, CXS 247-2005. Codex Alimentarius Commission. Rome. https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius)
Different groups of people within a given culture, context and history at risk of being subjected to multiple discrimination due to the interplay of different personal characteristics or grounds, such as sex, gender, age, ethnicity, religion or belief, health status, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, education or income, or living in various geographic localities. (EIGE. marginalized groups. https://eige.europa.eu/taxonomy/term/1175)
Any of two or more products coming from the same unit process or product system. (ISO 14040:2006 https://www.iso.org/obp/ui#iso:std:iso:14040:ed-2:v1:en)
