AGROVOC

Yezo virus infection is a a tickborne disease, caused by an orthonairovirus discovered in Japan in 2021, which can cause acute febrile illness in humans, whose clinical symptoms include thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. (Adapted from The National Institute for Communicable Diseases. 2021. Communicable Diseases Communiqué. Novel Yezo virus - Japan. https://www.nicd.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Novel-Yezo-virus-Japan.pdf)

Secondary production represents the formation of living mass of a heterotrophic population or group of populations over some period of time. (Benke, A. C. & Huryn, A. D. Secondary production of macroinvertebrates. In Methods in Stream Ecology, 2nd ed. eds. Hauer, F. R. & Lamberti, G. A. (Burlington: Academic Press, 2006) 691-710.)

A circular is a written statement that provides information and guidelines on laws and procedures. (Gov.ie. 2025 Search Circulars https://www.gov.ie/en/circulars/)

The water buffalo or Asian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is a domesticated species that can be confused by the general population with the wild American bison (Bison bison), incorrectly called Buffalo in North America, and occasionally, with the African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer), which are two unrelated species of wild animals. (Minervino AHH, Zava M, Vecchio D, Borghese A. Bubalus bubalis: A Short Story. Front Vet Sci. 2020 Dec 1;7:570413. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.570413. PMID: 33335917; PMCID: PMC7736047.)

Skin of potato tubers. Potato peel is the major underutilised by-product in the potato-processing industry and a potential source of valuable bioactive molecules. (Adapted from Calcio Gaudino E, Colletti A, Grillo G, Tabasso S, Cravotto G. Emerging Processing Technologies for the Recovery of Valuable Bioactive Compounds from Potato Peels. Foods. 2020 Nov 3;9(11):1598. doi: 10.3390/foods9111598. PMID: 33153164; PMCID: PMC7692071.)

Bioponics is a soilless agricultural technique that integrates biological waste materials, to manage nutrients for plant growth. It is a branch of hydroponics, that encompasses various methods to utilize waste efficiently in crop production systems, promoting sustainability and resource efficiency in agriculture. (Adapted from Szekely, Iris, and M. Haïssam Jijakli. 2022. "Bioponics as a Promising Approach to Sustainable Agriculture: A Review of the Main Methods for Producing Organic Nutrient Solution for Hydroponics" Water 14, no. 23: 3975. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14233975)

Actions implemented to address the climate resilience, adaptation and mitigation challenges of local actors, in particular through access to knowledge, good practices, innovation and financing. (Adapted from FAO. 2022. FAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031. Rome. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cc2274en)

Area surrounding a water source in which certain forms of land use are restricted or prohibited in order to protect underground water and surface water from contamination or pollution. (Adapted from GEMET. 2025. Water protection area http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/6747 and Gov.UK. 2025 Groundwater source protection zones (SPZs) https://www.gov.uk/guidance/groundwater-source-protection-zones-spzs)

Stillingia oil is an oil extracted (by solvents) from the seeds of plants of the Triadica genus such as Triadica sebifera (Chinese tallow tree) and Triadica cochinchinensis (Mountain tallow tree). It is a drying oil used in paints and varnishes. (Wikipedia. 2025 Stillingia oil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stillingia_oil)

Mold contamination is the unwanted growth of mold (a type of fungus) on surfaces, materials, or in the air, often due to moisture, leading to potential health risks and material damage. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2025. Mold. https://www.epa.gov/mold)

Community-supported agriculture (CSA) is a partnership between local farmers and consumers in which the responsibilities, risks and rewards of farming are shared. Typically, members or "share-holders" of the farm or garden pledge in advance to cover the anticipated costs of the farm operation and farmer's salary. In return, they receive shares in the farm's bounty throughout the growing season, as well as satisfaction gained from reconnecting to the land and participating directly in food production. (Urgenci Europe. 2016. Be Part of CSA! http://urgenci.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/BPCSABooklet_2016_eng.pdf and USDA. ARS. 1993. Defining Community Supported Agriculture. Community Supported Agriculture Defining Community Supported Agriculture. https://search.nal.usda.gov/discovery/delivery/01NAL_INST:MAIN/12285165180007426)

Landscape planning integrates economic, social and environmental objectives – including rural development, food production, watershed protection, biodiversity and the cultural values of forests and trees – within a broad framework of territorial planning. (FAO. 2018. The State of the World’s Forests 2018 – Forest pathways to sustainable development. Rome. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/i9535en)

Activities necessary to protect network and information systems, the users of such systems, and other persons affected by cyber threats. Depending on context, also the state of being protected from cyber threats. (Digital Europa Thesaurus. 2023. Cybersecurity http://data.europa.eu/uxp/c_04ae3ba8)

Urea–formaldehyde resins are primarily synthesized from urea and formaldehyde, with formaldehyde acting as the cross linker. Urea–formaldehyde (UF) resins are typically used in the manufacture of wood-based products for interior applications, mainly particleboard and medium-density fiberboard. (Chrobak J, Iłowska J, Chrobok A. Formaldehyde-Free Resins for the Wood-Based Panel Industry: Alternatives to Formaldehyde and Novel Hardeners. Molecules. 2022; 27(15):4862. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154862)

A measure of the diversity of a person’s diet through a simple count of the number of different food groups consumed within a specific time frame, typically a day. For children aged 6 to 23 months, minimum dietary diversity is achieved when they consumed foods from at least five out of eight defined food groups the previous day. For women aged 15 to 49 years, minimum dietary diversity is achieved when they consumed at least five out of ten defined food groups the previous day. Achieving minimum diet diversity indicates a greater likelihood that the diet is sufficient in essential nutrients, such as vitamins and minerals. (FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2025. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2025 – Addressing high food price inflation for food security and nutrition. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd6008en)

Automated identification of multiple species from a single bulk sample containing entire organisms or from a single environmental sample containing degraded DNA. (Taberlet P, Coissac E, Pompanon F, Brochmann C, Willerslev E. Towards next-generation biodiversity assessment using DNA metabarcoding. Mol Ecol. 2012 Apr;21(8):2045-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05470.x. PMID: 22486824.)

Bambara groundnut is a grain legume grown mainly by subsistence farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. It is cultivated for its subterranean pods, is extremely hardy and produces reasonable yields even under conditions of drought and low soil fertility. (FAO, 2024 Traditional Crops. Bambara groundnut https://www.fao.org/traditional-crops/bambaragroundnut/en/)

Therapy assisted by the use of a horse and/or its movement, including equine-assisted psychotherapy, horseback riding, and hippotherapy. (DeCS/MeSH. 2025. Equine-Assisted Therapy. https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=53695)

Assessment of catch conducted to obtain reliable estimates of the total quantity of the fish harvested by fishers, species composition and fishing effort involved in the catch. (Adapted from Mshelia MB, Manneer MB, Garba U, Hassan M. 2015. A frame and catch assessment of fishes of lake Alau, Borno State, Nigeria. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2(4): 35-40.)

Galantamine is a type of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. It is an alkaloid extracted from the bulbs and flowers of Galanthus nivalis (common snowdrop), Galanthus caucasicus (Caucasian snowdrop), Galanthus woronowii (Voronov's snowdrop), and other members of the family Amaryllidaceae, such as Narcissus (daffodil), Leucojum aestivum (snowflake), and Lycoris including Lycoris radiata (red spider lily). It can also be produced synthetically. (Wikipedia. 2025. Galantamine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galantamine)

Cloud computing is the delivery of different services through the internet. These resources include tools and applications like data storage, servers, databases, networking and software. Rather than keeping files on a proprietary hard drive or local storage device, cloud-based storage makes it possible to save them to a remote database. As long as an electronic device has access to the World Wide Web, it has access to the data and the software to run it. (FAO. 2022. The future of food and agriculture – Drivers and triggers for transformation. The Future of Food and Agriculture, No. 3. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc0959en)

The genus Neorhizobium, separated taxonomically from Rhizobium based on multilocus sequence analyses, are typically non-pathogenic. These Gram-negative soil bacteria form mutualistic symbioses with leguminous plants, establishing nitrogen-fixing root nodules that enhance soil fertility and promote plant growth. (Wu, Xingyu & Xi, Hangwei & Ryder, Maarten & Searle, Iain. (2025). Insights from modern & historical genomes of Neorhizobium vitis , a new pathogen causing neoplastic growths on grapevine. 10.1101/2025.05.23.655691.)

Aptasensors are biosensors where aptamers are used in place of biological ligands to sense targeted analytes. (Sett, A. , Das, S. , Sharma, P. and Bora, U. (2012) Aptasensors in Health, Environment and Food Safety Monitoring. Open Journal of Applied Biosensor, 1, 9-19. doi: 10.4236/ojab.2012.12002.)