Organisms that combine photosynthesis and heterotrophy to gain energy. (Lepori-Bui M, Paight C, Eberhard E, Mertz CM, Moeller HV. Evidence for evolutionary adaptation of mixotrophic nanoflagellates to warmer temperatures. Glob Chang Biol. 2022 Dec;28(23):7094-7107. doi: 10.1111/gcb.16431)
Starch extracted from plant cells in its natural state as granules, which has not been subjected to any form of modification resulting in physical and/or chemical change. (ISO. 2023. ISO 8355:2023. Starch acetates — Specifications and test methods https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/es/#iso:std:iso:8355:ed-1:v1:en)
Rhizobium gallicum is a Gram-negative root-nodule bacterium. It forms nitrogen-fixing root nodules on legumes, being first isolated from those of Phaseolus vulgaris. (Wikipedia. 2025. Rhizobium gallicum. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizobium_gallicum)
Model that considers the biomass of the stock as a whole, that is, it does not take into consideration the age or size structure of the stock. (Fish Stock Assessment Manual, FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 393, Fisheries Department, FAO, 2003 (https://www.fao.org/3/x8498e/x8498e04.htm).)
Note
This kind of model is only applied in analyses that consider fishing level changes, as it does not allow the analysis of the effects of changes in the exploitation pattern, on catches and biomasses. Production models are also called general production models, global models, sintetic models or Lotka-Volterra models. They consider the stock globally, that is, they do not take into consideration the structure of the stock by age or size.
Agriculture as a type of entertainment. Agritainment activities are defined as farm-related tourism or farm-related entertainment activities that are permitted or authorized in return for a fee on agricultural land for recreational or educational purposes. (Adapted from Gálvez Nogales, E., Puntsagdavaa, A., Casari, G. & Bennett, A. 2023. Linking agriculture and tourism to strengthen agrifood systems in Asia and the Pacific. Bangkok, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc7124en and Pennsylvania State University, College of Agricultural Sciences. 2013. Agritainment https://extension.psu.edu/agritainment)
Note
Examples of agritainment activities include pick-your-own fruits and vegetables, farm tours, on-site farmers’ markets, festivals and fairs, interactive animal displays, farm cooking contests and on-site processing demonstrations, among others.
Oral history can be defined as the recording, preservation and interpretation of historical information, based on the personal experiences and opinions of the speaker. It may take the form of eye-witness evidence about the past, but can include folklore, myths, songs and stories passed down over the years by word of mouth. (The University of Leicester, School of History. 2014. What is oral history? https://le.ac.uk/history/outreach/besh/oral-history/what-is Made available under a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC licence http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
Note
Oral history is particularly useful for capturing stories from minority groups or small communities who will not often be represented in more formal histories. It is also useful when there is a lack of other sorts of evidence, whether written or visual.
A series of impounding reservoirs on one stream with a functional continuity. (9 Release Control in a Cascade of Reservoirs (Several Reservoirs on One Stream), Editor(s): Ladislav Votruba, Vojtěch Broža, Developments in Water Science, Elsevier, Volume 33, 1989, Pages 275-294, ISSN 0167-5648, ISBN 9780444989338, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5648(08)70638-5. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167564808706385))
Geothermal heat flow is the movement of heat (energy) from the interior of Earth to the surface. The source of most heat comes from the cooling of the Earth’s core and the radioactive heat generation in the upper 20 to 40 km of the Earth’s crust. (Adapted from Southern Methodist University. Roy M. Huffington Department of Earth Sciences. nd. What is "Heat Flow"? https://www.smu.edu/dedman/academics/departments/earth-sciences/research/geothermallab/datamaps/geothermalmapofnorthamerica/what-is-heat-flow)
Note
For geoscience context, as in the transfer of heat from the centre of the Earth through the Earth's crust to the surface, use <c_a70b9d8b> "geothermal heat flow".
Low density fibreboard is a wood-fibre insulation board produced in the dry process, density not exceeding 0.5 g/cm³, (Adapted from FAO, 2022. Classification of forest products 2022. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb8216en)
Mikrocytos mackini is a protozoan parasite that infects oysters, causing Denman Island disease. (Adapted from Bower, S.M. (2021): Synopsis of Infectious Diseases and Parasites of Commercially Exploited Shellfish: Mikrocytos spp. of Oysters. https://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/science/aah-saa/diseases-maladies/mikmacoy-eng.html)
Perkinsosis also known as “Dermo disease” is a disease of marine molluscs. Affected species of economic importance include the American oyster (Crassostrea virginica). In addition, clams (Mya arenaria) and (Macoma balthica) have been experimentally infected. (Adapted from Gov.UK. nd. Perkinsosis. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/292130/Guide_to_perkinsosis.pdf)
Energy prices refer to the cost consumers pay for energy, typically expressed per unit of consumption. These prices reflect all regular charges linked to the supply of energy to the customer (the combined expenses of producing, delivering, and maintaining energy supply infrastructure). (Adapted from UN Economic and Social Development Home. 2003. ENERGY PRICES https://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/sdissues/consumption/cpp1224m8.htm)
The ability of a firm or group of firms to influence the price or supply of a product in the market, rather than being purely subject to competitive market forces. Firms with significant market power can raise prices above competitive levels and may limit output or exclude competitors. This often arises in markets characterized by high concentration (a small number of dominant firms). (FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2025. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2025 – Addressing high food price inflation for food security and nutrition. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd6008en)
UNFCCC commitment through which a Party to the Paris Agreement outlines its plans for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. See Article 4 of the Paris Agreement for more information. (Adapted from UNFCCC. 2015. Paris Agreement. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Article 4. https://docs.un.org/en/FCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.1)
Note
Nationally Determined Contributions, or NDCs, are national climate action plans by each country under the Paris Agreement.
Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of computers systems to aid in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design. (Narayan, K. Lalit. 2008. Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing. New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India. ISBN 978-8120333420.)
Food insecurity that persists over time mainly due to structural causes, including intra-annual seasonal food insecurity. (IPC Global Partners. 2021. Integrated Food Security Phase Classification Technical Manual Version 3.1. Evidence and Standards for Better Food Security and Nutrition Decisions. Rome. https://www.ipcinfo.org/)
Soil water repellency is a reduction in the rate of wetting and retention of water in soil caused by the presence of hydrophobic coatings on soil particles. (Hallett, P.. (2008). A brief overview of the causes, impacts and amelioration of soil water repellency - A review. Soil and Water Research. 3. S21-S29. 10.17221/1198-SWR. https://swr.agriculturejournals.cz/pdfs/swr/2008/10/09.pdf)
Stocks for which data are not available either to set reference points based on maximum sustainable yield (MSY) or MSY proxies, or manage to the reference points based on MSY or MSY proxies. (Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council. 2021. Status Determination Criteria Component Team for Revising Territorial BMUS Lists A subgroup of the Archipelagic Fishery Ecosystem Plan Team. Draft Report. https://www.wpcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/08.E1-SDC-Report.pdf)
Starch derived from barley grain. Barley starch is used in a wide category of food products as an ingredient but also as raw material to make the food additive modified starch, maltodextrins and glucose syrups. (Adapted from EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA); Turck D, Castenmiller J, Hirsch Ernst KI, Kearney J, Knutsen HK, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Pelaez C, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Vinceti M, Marchelli R, van Loveren H, Martínez SV, de Henauw S. Scientific Opinion related to a notification from Lyckeby Starch AB on barley starch to be used in the manufacturing of several foods as ingredient, of the food additive modified starch and of glucose syrups pursuant to Article 21(2) of Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 - for permanent exemption from labelling. EFSA J. 2020 May 15;18(5):e06118. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6118. PMID: 37649494; PMCID: PMC10464690.)
The DNA of chromosomes found in the nucleus of the cell. (International Society of Genetic Genealogy Wiki. 2023. Genetics Glossary https://isogg.org/wiki/Genetics_Glossary)
Note
This is a criteria for determining genetic diversity and concerns germplasm pools and breeding programmes. Nuclear DNA or the nuclear genome is the DNA contained within each cell nucleus of a eukaryotic organism. It is different from the core genome, which represents the set of genes shared by all, or nearly all, strains of a given population or species of prokaryotes.
The volume of stored inputs and production (seeds, fertilizer, feed, stored crops and livestock produce, harvested fish, stored wood, etc.) and machinery and equipment used in crop and livestock farming, forestry and fisheries and aquaculture. (FAO. 2025. The Impact of Disasters on Agriculture and Food Security 2025 – Digital solutions for reducing risks and impacts. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd7185en)
Note
It encompasses a wide array of items, including but not limited to: tractors, balers, combine harvesters, threshers, fertilizer distributors, ploughs, root or tuber harvesting machines, seeders, soil machinery, irrigation facilities, tillage implements, track-laying tractors, milking machines, dairy machines, specialized wheeled equipment, portable chainsaws, fishing vessels, fishing gear, aquaculture feeders, pumps, aerators and support vessels for aquaculture.
The potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed or damaged assets, which could occur to a system, society or a community in a specific period, determined probabilistically as a function of hazard, exposure, vulnerability and capacity. The definition of disaster risk reflects the concept of hazardous events and disasters as the outcome of continuously present conditions of risk. (United Nations. 1992. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Article 1. https://unfccc.int/resource/ccsites/zimbab/conven/text/art01.htm)
