Purchasing power generally refers to the financial ability to purchase goods (usually defined by income). (CALP Network. 2025. Glossary of Terminology for Cash and Voucher Assistance. https://www.calpnetwork.org/key-resources/glossary-of-terms/)
Ginseng product is the product prepared from all part of fresh and sound ginseng roots, derived from Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer or P. quinquefolius L., cultivated for commercial purposes and used for foods. (FAO & WHO. 2022. Standard for Ginseng Products. Codex Alimentarius Standard, No. CXS 321-2015. Codex Alimentarius Commission. Rome. https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius)
Guerrilla gardening is ‘the unpermitted use of space for cultivation in cities’. The practice involves taking on other people’s land for gardening, usually without their permission, including public land such as verges or tree pits, or privately owned and seemingly abandoned plots. (Millie, A. (2023). Guerrilla gardening as normalised law-breaking: Challenges to land ownership and aesthetic order. Crime, Media, Culture, 19(2), 191-208. https://doi.org/10.1177/17416590221088792)
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Guerrilla gardening is the illicit cultivation of someone else’s land, often in cities, although the practice is not solely an urban affair, while squatter gardening largely exists in informal settlements.
Movement (not migration) across the Suez Canal (planned by Ferdinand de Lesseps); generally from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean, rarely the other way. (FishBase. 2025. Lessepsian migration https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/glossary/Glossary.php?q=Lessepsian+migration)
Panax ginseng C.A. (Ginseng, PG) Meyer is a perennial shrub reaching a height of 60 cm and belonging to the family of Araliaceae. It has been used as herbal remedy in Eastern Asia for millennia and documented in the Pharmacopoeias of many countries (e.g., China, Japan, Germany, France, Austria). (Nadire Özenver, Thomas Efferth, Chapter 20 - Evaluation of immunomodulatory potential of medicinal plants—Present scenario, Editor(s): Pulok K. Mukherjee, Evidence-Based Validation of Herbal Medicine (Second Edition), Elsevier, 2022, Pages 487-500, ISBN 9780323855426, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85542-6.00022-6.)
Maritime boundaries are geographically and politically defined by States (normally as coastal, or archipelagic, States), based on the rules regarding the determination of baselines and maritime boundaries laid down in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The exact extent of these boundaries, and more detailed rules on maritime jurisdiction can be established by national law or by international agreements, in particular between neighboring States. Pursuant to the UNCLOS, maritime boundaries define marine areas in which coastal states, including archipelagic States, have sovereignty or exercise exclusive sovereign rights. (FAOLEX. 2025. Glossary https://www.fao.org/faolex/)
The Falling Number is defined as the time in seconds required to stir and to allow a viscometer stirrer to fall a measured distance through a hot aqueous meal, flour or starch gel undergoing liquefaction due to alpha-amylase activity. (International Association for Cereal Science and Technology.. 2024. 107/1 Determination of the Falling Number according to Hagberg-Perten - as a Measure of the Degree of Alpha-Amylase Activity in Grain and Flour. https://icc.or.at/icc-standards/standards-overview/107-1-standard-method)
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Falling number is applicable to meal and flour of wheat, rye, barley, as well as to other grains and to starch containing and malted products.
A process to protect and safeguard data – including personal data – from unauthorised access or disclosure, loss, unlawful destruction, and alteration. (FAO. 2021. FAO Policies on Protection of Data and Intellectual Property Rights: FAO Data Protection Principles and Rules. CCLM 113/4. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/ng760en)
An intervention is a coherent set of planned activities, intended to bring about change in a given population, sector or system. (Adapted from European Commission. 2025. Managing an intervention
https://international-partnerships.ec.europa.eu/funding-and-technical-assistance/guidelines/managing-intervention_en)
Resource use efficiency is about using resources efficiently, either in a technical sense (i.e. less physical input per physical output) or economic/welfare sense (i.e. economic or societal value generated per unit of resource). Widely used in the context of ecology, where resource use efficiency is an ecological concept that measures the proportion of supplied resources, which is converted into new biomass, i.e., it relates realized to potential productivity. (Adapted from European Commission. 2016. Final Report Summary - DESIRE (DEvelopment of a System of Indicators for a Resource efficient Europe (DESIRE)) https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/308552/reporting and from Hodapp D, Hillebrand H and Striebel M (2019) “Unifying” the Concept of Resource Use Efficiency in Ecology. Front. Ecol. Evol. 6:233. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00233)
Canary seed (Phalaris canariensis L.) is a cereal crop that belongs to the Poaceae family. Canary seed is primarily used in the birdfeed market as a major component in feed mixtures for pet and wild birds. Glabrous (hairless) hull varieties of brown and yellow colored canary seed are used as cereal grain for human consumption. (Adapted from Canadian Grain Commission. 2021. Canary seed: a novel cereal from the Canadian Prairies https://grainscanada.gc.ca/en/grain-research/scientific-reports/canary/index.html)
Nanoherbicides are created with the aid of nanosized preparations or nanomaterial-based herbicide formulations. Nanoherbicides are characterized as herbicide formulations based on nanomaterials that make use of the potential for effective chemical delivery to a target site. (Zargar M, Bayat M, Saquee FS, Diakite S, Ramzanovich NM, Akhmadovich KAS. New Advances in Nano-Enabled Weed Management Using Poly(Epsilon-Caprolactone)-Based Nanoherbicides: A Review. Agriculture. 2023; 13(10):2031. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13102031)
All economic activities related to oceans, seas, and coastal areas, encompassing sustainable use of aquatic resources to foster economic growth, improve livelihoods, and preserve marine ecosystems. It includes sectors such as fisheries, aquaculture, marine renewable energy, tourism, shipping, and biotechnology, emphasizing environmental sustainability and the conservation of biodiversity. (FAOLEX. 2025. Glossary https://www.fao.org/faolex/)
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An important challenge of the blue economy is to understand and better manage the many aspects of oceanic sustainability, ranging from sustainable fisheries to ecosystem health to preventing pollution.
This palm with its characteristic trunk that lies flat on the ground before bending upwards so that the fronds can capture light in the understory, has two main uses. The fronds are used for thatch and when the endosperm hardens it turns into vegetable ivory that can be harvested for the trade in vegetable ivory. (Smith, N. (2015). Phytelephas macrocarpa . In: Palms and People in the Amazon. Geobotany Studies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05509-1_53)
Nanometer-sized fragments (30 nm to 1 micron) of semiconductor crystalline material which hold a discrete number of electrons and emit photons. The wavelength is based on the quantum confinement size of the dot and the number of electrons can be altered by modifying the electrostatic environment of the dot. (MeSH. 2025. Quantum Dots. https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D045663)
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Due to their unique optical and electronic properties, quantum dots are used in biosensing, bioimaging, pathogen detection, food analysis, in greenhouse technology and more.
An experience-based food security scale used to produce a measure of access to food at different levels of severity that can be compared across contexts. It relies on data obtained by asking people, directly in surveys, about the occurrence of conditions and behaviours that are known to reflect constrained access to food. (FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2025. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2025 – Addressing high food price inflation for food security and nutrition. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd6008en)
Canarium indicum (galip nut) is a nut-producing tree species native to the lowlands of Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu and parts of Indonesia where it has been important to the diet for many thousands of years. It has also been introduced in Fiji where it is cultivated, and to a lesser extent introduced in Samoa, Tonga and also in Australia, the United States and beyond the CCNASWP region. (FAO and WHO. 2025. Discussion paper on development of a regional standard for galip nut (North America and the South West Pacific). NASWP17/CRD02. https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/)
Lip sores are inflamed lesions on the lips. Commonly associated with viral diseases in small ruminants, such as orf and peste des petits ruminants (PPR), characterized by crusts and ulcerations in the labial region. (FAO Animal Health, 2025)
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Lip sores are very typical for some important diseases in small ruminants.
A boulder is a rock fragment with size greater than 25.6 cm in diameter (Krumbein phi scale) or between 20 and 63cm in diameter (International Scale ISO 14688-1:2017). (Adapted from Wikipedia, 2025. Boulder. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder and ISO 14688-1, 2017)
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Geological concept, used extensively in defining aquatic benthic habitats.
A condition of the foreskin, caused by a narrow or inflamed foreskin, improper handling of foreskin, or retraction of the foreskin for an extended duration. This condition is characterised by an inability for the foreskin to return to its normal position after being retracted over the glans, pain, and inflammation, and may lead to gangrene. (International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Revision (ICD-11), World Health Organization (WHO) 2019/2021 https://icd.who.int/browse11. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO). https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f452889019)
Soils which have hydrophobic properties (also called water repellent soils) can resist or retard surface water infiltration. (Brandt, G.H., 1969. Water movement in hydrophobic soils. Proc.Symp. Water Repellent Soils. Univ. Calif., Riverside, CA, pp.91–115)
The agroecological transition is a change of the agricultural model in order to implement the principles of agroecology and therefore respond to the sector’s crises. It is based, in particular, on the creation and mobilization of knowledge from agroecology, the involvement of actors (farmers, agricultural advisers …) in the construction of this knowledge to tailor it to different territories, and the territorialisation of agriculture, involving in particular a reconnection of agricultural production with food localism. (Laurent Hazard, Marie-Benoît Magrini, Guillaume Martin, 2017. Agroecological transition : Definition. Dictionary of Agroecology. https://dicoagroecologie.fr/en/dictionnaire/agroecological-transition/ (Accessed on June 20, 2025))
