Cassava products derive either from the processing of cassava through one or more mechanical or chemical operations, or from the processing of flour, meal or starch. (Adapted from Definition and Classification of Commodities, FAO, 2006)
Charcoal rot, also known as dry-weather wilt, is caused by the soilborne fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. The fungus has a widespread distribution and large host range and affects corn, soybean and sorghum. (Adapted from University of Nebraska-Lincoln. 2025. Charcoal Rot. https://cropwatch.unl.edu/plant-disease/soybean/charcoal-rot/)
Cypris larvae are the final larval stage of barnacles and are highly specialized to their role of locating and attaching to suitable surfaces for adult growth. (Ishimaru, Nobuyuki & Tsukegi, Takayuki & Wakisaka, Minato & Shirai, Yoshihito & Nishida, Haruo. (2012). Effects of poly(L-lactic acid) hydrolysis on attachment of barnacle cypris larvae. Polymer Degradation and Stability. 97. 2170–2176. 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.08.012.)
A fin located on the trunk or precaudal tail or both, and between the head and caudal fin. (Sharks of the World, FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 1, Vol. 2, FAO, 2002 (http://www.fao.org/3/x9293e/X9293E01.pdf).)
Calcium carbonate or lime-rich mud or mudstone which contains variable amounts of clays and silt. (Wikidata. 2025. Marl https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184053)
Mixotrophy is the ability to combine autotrophic and heterotrophic modes of nutrition. It is widely spread in various microorganisms, particularly in such important plankton groups as dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria. (Matantseva, O.V., Skarlato, S.O. Mixotrophy in microorganisms: Ecological and cytophysiological aspects. J Evol Biochem Phys 49, 377–388 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0022093013040014)
Topographic maps are a detailed record of a land area, giving geographic positions and elevations for both natural and man-made features. They show the shape of the land the mountains, valleys, and plains by means of brown contour lines (lines of equal elevation above sea level). (NALT https://lod.nal.usda.gov/nalt/287648)
Three-dimensional biocompatible materials formed by cross-linking a hydrophilic polymeric component (e.g., hydrogels). They are typically spherical particles in a size range of 20-250 nm when used for drug delivery applications. (DeCS/MESH. 2025. Nanogels. https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=59166)
A system of disease prevention and treatment that avoids drugs and surgery. Naturopathy is based on the use of natural agents such as air, water, light, heat, and massage to help the body heal itself. It also uses herbal products, nutrition, acupuncture, and aromatherapy as forms of treatment. (National Cancer Institute, 2025. NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. Naturopathy. [Cited 21 March 2025]. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/naturopathy)
Process of change into an organic agricultural system from a different management system, industrial or traditional or integrated it may be. (FAO, 2007; Natural Resources Management and Environment Department, NR, FAO, 2009; KCCM, FAO, 2009.)
Cold seeps are places throughout the global ocean where chemicals like hydrogen sulfide, methane, and other hydrocarbon-rich fluids and/or gases escape from cracks or fissures in the ocean floor. (NOAA Ocean Exploration. nd. Cold Seeps https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/edu/materials/what-are-cold-seeps-fact-sheet.pdf)
Type of spectral imagery in geospatial science. Hyperspectral imagery refers to imagery with even more channels than multispectral imagery, increasing the number of values per pixel up to 33, The narrow bands of hyperspectral imagery allow it to capture more information about the materials that are being imaged. (Adapted from Wikidata. 2025. Hyperspectral image. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132367229 and Charles Sturt University. 2025. The Weed Manager’s Guide To Remote Detection. Multispectral imagery. https://www.csu.edu.au/research/gulbali/remote-weed-detection/detecting-weeds/environmental-sensors/multispectral-imagery)
Note
There is no exact definition of how frequent the spectral samples must be for an image to be considered hyperspectral. However, a spectral resolution of 10 nm or finer can be used as a rule of thumb.
Cryptogenic species are species of uncertain or unknown origin for which it is not possible to reliably determine whether they are introduced or native (sensu Carlton, 1996). (Olenin, S., Minchin, D. 2024. Introductions of Non-Indigenous Species to Coastal and Estuarine Systems. In: Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science (Second Edition), Academic Press, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90798-9.00021-4.)
A yellowish fossil resin, the gum of several species of coniferous trees. It is used in molecular biology in the analysis of organic matter fossilized in amber. Examples of it have been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since the Neolithic times. Amber is used in jewelry and as a healing agent in folk medicine. (Adapted from DeCS/MeSH. 2016. Amber. https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=32374 and from Wikipedia. 2025. Amber https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amber)
Food that has been cultivated, produced, processed or packaged using nanotechnology techniques or tools, or to which manufactured nanomaterials have been added. (Joseph, T., & Morrison, M. 2006. Nanoforum report: Nanotechnology in agriculture and food.)
The nitrogen-fixing soil bacterium Neorhizobium galegae has an easily distinguishable phenotype on the host plant species Galega orientalis Lam. and G. officinalis L. (Österman, J., Mousavi, S.A., Koskinen, P. et al. Genomic features separating ten strains of Neorhizobium galegae with different symbiotic phenotypes. BMC Genomics 16, 348 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-015-1576-3)
Note
Please note that while "Neorhizobium galegae" is validly published and accepted under the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP), the basionym "Rhizobium galegae" is preferred by some sources
Delta formed when a river divides into multiple branches in an inland area then, either rejoining and continue to the sea or flowing into a flat area spreading water and silt across a flat plain before being evaporated. (ASFA Thesaurus Working Group, 2025)
The volumetric water content is the volume of water per unit volume of soil, expressed as a percentage of the volume. (Cornell University. 2010. NRCCA Soil and Water Management Study Resources. Competency Area 2: Soil hydrology AEM. https://nrcca.cals.cornell.edu/soil/CA2/CA0211.5.php)
Note
The volumetric water content is equal to the gravimetric water content times the soil's bulk density (on a dry soil basis).
The surface mixed layer or the top layer of a waterbody in a thermally stratified lake. It is typically warmer than the hypolimnion. (UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology. 2024. Reviews into evidence for sediment enrichment and lake restoration best practice for the Windermere catchment I: sediment enrichment review https://lovewindermere.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Windermere-reviews-sediment-enrichment-evidence_final-1.pdf)
Note
Similar to concept <c_5da3d7d1> "surface mixed layer " in oceans and oceanography context, but epilimnion is specific to stratified freshwater lakes.
