The Yezo virus is a novel orthonairovirus identified in Japan, transmitted by tick bites. (Adapted from Hokkaido University. "Emerging infectious disease caused by a new nairovirus identified in Japan." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 4 October 2021. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/10/211004104237.htm)
Note
Virus that affects humans and has wild deer and raccoons as the natural reservoirs.
The consumer price index, abbreviated as CPI, measures the change over time in the prices of consumer goods and services acquired, used or paid for by households. (Eurostat. 2025. Glossary: Consumer price index (CPI) https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Glossary:Consumer_price_index_(CPI))
An endotherm is an animal that generates and controls its internal heat so that its body core temperature can be regulated at a level different than the ambient temperature. (Michael Castellini, Thermoregulation, Editor(s): William F. Perrin, Bernd Würsig, J.G.M. Thewissen, Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals (Second Edition), Academic Press,
2009, ISBN 9780123735539, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-373553-9.00267-4.)
Note
The opposite of endotherms is ectotherms, whose body temperature comes from the heat provided by the external environment.
Vegetable ivory or tagua nut is a product made from the very hard white endosperm of the seeds of certain palm trees. Vegetable ivory is named from its resemblance to animal ivory. This material is hard and heavy, and has a cream colour; when polished, it is quite similar to true ivory (hence the name vegetable ivory), although the materials differ in their properties. The "rediscovery" of a sustainable source of vegetable ivory has aroused a growing worldwide interest in this material. (Wikipedia. 2025. Vegetable ivory. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetable_ivory and FAO. 1995. Non-Wood News 2. https://www.fao.org/4/v5890e/v5890e04.htm)
Perkinsus marinus is a protistan parasite in the phylum Apicomplexa. (Adapted from Gov.UK Perkinsosis https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/292130/Guide_to_perkinsosis.pdf)
Jojoba oil is the liquid produced in the seed of the Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba). Jojoba oil is the only unsaturated liquid wax readily extractable in large quantities from plant sources (≈52% of the total seed weight). It is is composed of almost 98% pure waxes (mainly wax esters, few free fatty acids, alcohols, and hydrocarbons), sterols, and vitamins with few triglyceride esters, so it is widely known as liquid wax rather than oil or fat. (Adapted from Wikipedia. 2025. Jojoba oil. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jojoba_oil and from Gad HA, Roberts A, Hamzi SH, Gad HA, Touiss I, Altyar AE, Kensara OA, Ashour ML. Jojoba Oil: An Updated Comprehensive Review on Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Uses, and Toxicity. Polymers (Basel). 2021 May 24;13(11):1711. doi: 10.3390/polym13111711. PMID: 34073772; PMCID: PMC8197201.)
Abnormal increased rate of breathing. (NIH’s Office of AIDS Research. 2024. HIV/AIDS Glossary. Tachypnea. https://clinicalinfo.hiv-stage.od.nih.gov/en/glossary/tachypnea)
Note
An abnormal respiration rate that may be a clinical manifestation for some disorders in animals and humans.
Marteilia sydneyi is a protozoan parasite (order Paramyxida, class Ascetosporea) that infects the digestive system of Sydney rock oysters and mud-dwelling polychaete worms. (Adapted from Australian Government. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. 2020. Infection with Marteilia sydneyi https://www.agriculture.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/infection-marteilia-sydneyi.pdf)
Plastic greenhouse is a greenhouse with light-transmitting plastic material as the covering material. (Zhu, Jiahao & Zhang, Xuelai & Hua, Weisan & Ji, Jun & Lv, Xin. (2023). Current status and development of research on phase change materials in agricultural greenhouses: A review. Journal of Energy Storage. 66. 107104. 10.1016/j.est.2023.107104.)
A truffle is the fruiting body of a subterranean Ascomycete fungus, one of the many species of the genus Tuber. The truffles are hypogenous mushrooms that grow exclusively underground and are recognized as ectomycorrhizal fungi. (K.V. Saritha, B. Prakash, V.C. Khilare, G.D. Khedkar, Y. Mohan Reddy, C.D. Khedkar,
Mushrooms and Truffles: Role in the Diet, Editor(s): Benjamin Caballero, Paul M. Finglas, Fidel Toldrá, Encyclopedia of Food and Health, Academic Press,
2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384947-2.00473-6.)
All peoples and individuals descended from the African diaspora throughout the world. (FAO. 2022. FAO regional strategy for collaboration with Indigenous Peoples and people of African descent in Latin America and the Caribbean – Revised edition. Santiago. FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb7823en)
Note
In Latin America and the Caribbean, the term refers to the “different ‘Black’ or ‘Afro-American’ cultures that emerged from the descendants of Africans, who survived the slave trade that took place in the Atlantic from the 16th to the 19th century.
Permanent crops are crops with a more than one-year growing cycle. (FAO. 2017. World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020. Volume I Programme, concepts and definitions. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/i4913e)
Note
This category includes shrubs intended for flower production, fruit trees and vines, but not trees intended for timber or log production. For perennials, including trees for timber, see <c_5696>. For permaculture, see <c_482ab123>.
Root of the plant Piper methysticum, which is a member of the pepper family. Traditionally, kava root has been used in the Pacific Islands to make recreational and ceremonial beverages. In addition, kava root’s active ingredient, kavalactones, has sedative and psychoactive properties. (Adapted from California Department of Public Health. 2024. Consumer Fact Sheet—Kava. https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CEH/DFDCS/CDPH%20Document%20Library/FDB/FoodSafetyProgram/KavaFactSheet.pdf )
Exaggerated, upward movement of the limbs during walking, often due to neurological dysfunction or musculoskeletal abnormalities affecting coordination or proprioception. (FAO Animal Health, 2025)
Research data management refers to the handling of research data (collection, organisation, storage, and documentation) during and after a research activity. (Science Europe, Research Data Management. https://scienceeurope.org/our-priorities/open-science/research-data-management/)
Heterocysts are specialized cells that differentiate in the filaments of heterocystous cyanobacteria. (Magnuson, A. Heterocyst Thylakoid Bioenergetics. Life 2019, 9, 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/life9010013)
Note
A differentiated cell that functions as a site of nitrogen fixation under aerobic conditions.
Starch of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.). Sweet potato starch also be used as an ingredient in producing pasta and as a substrate gor the fermentation process in the production of alcoholic drinks. (Adapted from Professor Majeed Mohammed Postharvest Consultant, 2022. Postharvest Handling and Quality
Management of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas). Rome. FAO)
The price at which raw agricultural products – such as wheat, maize, rice or soybean – are traded on global or local markets. These prices reflect both supply and demand dynamics and are influenced by factors such as weather, input costs, trade policies, and geopolitical events. (FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2025. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2025 – Addressing high food price inflation for food security and nutrition. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cd6008en)
Cultural Heritage Farms: This type covers farms that intentionally contribute to preserving and transmitting the tangible and intangible cultural heritage related to agricultural practices and landscape, through the maintenance of traditional materials and typologies, buildings, crop and breed varieties, and techniques of cultivation. There is not any prevalent trend in location, either intra- or peri-urban. (Shehabi, R. (2020). The social dimension of urban agriculture [Dissertação de mestrado, Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa]. Repositório Iscte. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/21354)
Sciences that focus on health, or health care, as core parts of their subject matter. (Wikipedia. 2025. Outline of health sciences https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_health_sciences)
Note
Included here are human health sciences, such as medicine, dentistry, nursing, pharmacy, nutrition, public health, physical therapy specialty, and speech, language and hearing sciences.
Leonardite is a soft waxy, black or brown, shiny, vitreous mineraloid that is easily soluble in alkaline solutions. It is an oxidation product of lignite, associated with near-surface mining. It is a rich source of humic acid (up to 90%) and is used as a soil conditioner, as a stabilizer for ion-exchange resins in water treatment, in the remediation of polluted environments and as a drilling additive. (Wkipedia, 2025. Leonardite https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardite)
