Food chemistry is the study of chemical processes and interactions of all biological and non-biological components of foods. (Adapted from John M. de Man.1999. Principles of Food Chemistry (Food Science Text Series), Springer Science, Third Edition; and John M. de Man. 2009. Food process engineering and technology, Academic Press, Elsevier: London and New York, 1st edn.)
A stop codon is a codon (nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA) that signals the termination of the translation process of the current protein. (Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_codon)
Duck virus hepatitis (DVH) is typically associated with an acute, contagious infection in susceptible ducklings less than 6 weeks of age and frequently under 3 weeks of age. It does not occur in older birds. The disease, DVH, has traditionally been subdivided into types I, II and III (https://www.woah.org/en/disease/duck-virus-hepatitis/)
Cyhalofop-butyl is an aromatic ether.. It is an aryloxyphenoxy propionic acid herbicide. It is a graminicide (kills grass and weeds) used for postemergence grass weed control in rice. CAS No. 122008-85-9. (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Cyhalofop-butyl)
Day on which precipitation is observed. The minimum amount of collected water which is considered necessary to constitute a precipitation day varies from country to country but is generally 0.1 mm. (International Meteorological Vocabulary, WMO - No. 182)
Poisson's equation is an elliptic partial differential equation of broad utility in theoretical physics. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson%27s_equation)
Strained yoghurt, Greek yoghurt, sack yoghurt, or kerned yogurt is yoghurt that has been strained to remove most of its whey, resulting in a thicker consistency than normal unstrained yogurt, while still preserving the distinctive sour taste of yoghurt. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strained_yogurt)
Fijivirus is a genus of double-stranded RNA viruses in the family Reoviridae and subfamily Spinareovirinae. Plants serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with this genus include: galls (tumours) in infected plants and Fiji disease, with severe stunting, deformation and death. (Wikipedia, 2024. Fijivirus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fijivirus)
The Harmonized System of Tariff Codes defines high-value agricultural products as those products that require little or no additional processing and typically are ready for final consumption at either the food retail or food service level. Good examples include fresh fruit and vegetables and nursery products. In some cases, however, products classified as consumer foods also may be used by food processors as ingredients in other foods. These products include spices, dairy and egg products, tree nuts, and dried fruits. (Gender and employment in high-value agriculture industries. C Dolan, K Sorby. Agriculture and rural development working paper 7, Woirld Bank 2003 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08d1bed915d622c0017a5/R8077-WP7.pdf)
Apodiphus amygdali is a species of shield bug belonging to the family Pentatomidae, subfamily Pentatominae. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apodiphus_amygdali)
Normally defined as the plant community in equilibrium with the zonal climate. In the sea a true climax community may be best exemplified by the seasonally monotonous central gyral areas. (Johnson, R.K., B.J. Zahuranec, D. Boltovskoy and A.C. Pierrot-Bults. 2000. Glossary of Pelagic Biogeographic Terms.
https://scor-int.org/Working_Groups/WG93_Glossary.pdf)
Note
A stable community resulting from a succession of ecological changes
Bare-root stock is planting stock grown in nursery beds, then lifted and shipped bare of soil. Bare-root stock may be more sensitive to handling stresses than container stock because their roots are less well protected. (Adapted from O'Reilly C., Keane M., Morrissey N. 2002. The importance of plant size for successful forest plantation establishment. Reproductive Material Note No. 5. COFORD Connects: 5. https://www.coford.ie/media/coford/content/publications/projectreports/cofordconnects/ConnectsNote5.pdf)
Implies fairness and impartiality in the treatment of women and men in terms of rights, benefits and obligations so that resources and opportunities are distributed fairly between them. This often requires allocating additional resources targeted to women in order to overcome longstanding inequalities in accessing means of self-improvement and empowerment. This process leads to gender equality. (FAO. 2023. The status of women in agrifood systems. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc5343en)
Note
This concept has different implications in different countries because it is based on different cultural standards, it is usually based on the traditional perception that women and men do not necessarily have the same needs and rights. ALSO: Gender equality, equality between men and women, entails the concept that all human beings, both men and women, are free to develop their personal abilities and make choices without the limitations set by stereotypes, rigid gender roles and prejudices. Gender equality means that the different behaviour, aspirations and needs of women and men are considered, valued and favoured equally. It does not mean that women and men have to become the same, but that their rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equity means fairness of treatment for women and men, according to their respective needs. This may include equal treatment or treatment that is different but which is considered equivalent in terms of rights, benefits, obligations and opportunities. ABC Of Women Worker's Rights And Gender Equality, ILO, Geneva, 2000, p.48.
A condition of the foreskin, caused by the improper development of the foreskin during the antenatal period, balanitis, lichen sclerosus, inflammation, infection, repeated catheterization, or forcible foreskin retraction. This condition is characterised by constriction of the preputial orifice and restricted movement of the prepuce over the glans. This condition may also present with difficulty urinating or dysfunctions during sexual intercourse. (International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Revision (ICD-11), World Health Organization (WHO) 2019/2021 https://icd.who.int/browse11. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO). https://icd.who.int/browse/2024-01/mms/en#184957512)
Note
Can occur in human and animals. Phimosis has been recorded in most domestic species.
The date of an event usually expressed in years and related to a specific time scale; also referred to as a “numerical age.” Absolute ages are most commonly obtained using radiometric dating methods. (U. S. Geological Survey, 2009. Glossary. Living with a Volcano in Your Backyard–An Educator's Guide https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/19/downloads/Appendixes/V_Glossary.pdf)
