Myrmicaria opaciventris is a species of Hymenoptera in the family ants. M. opaciventris directly attack young tissues of economically important plants while indirect pest activity was noted when the workers attended Hemipterans known as vectors of plant diseases. (Adapted from https://eol.org/pages/402335 and Kenne, Martin & Dejean, Alain. (1999). Diet and foraging activity in Myrmicaria opaciventris (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Sociobiology. 33. 170-184. )
Contagious ecthyma is a highly contagious, zoonotic, viral skin disease that affects sheep, goats and some other domesticated and wild animals. The skin lesions are painful and often occur on the mouth and muzzle, where they can cause anorexia or starvation. Lesions on the udder may result in the abandonment of offspring, and foot lesions can cause transient lameness. Secondary bacterial infections can occur and, in rare cases, the lesions may extend into the internal organs. (Adapted from MSD Veterinary Manual, 2023. Contagious Ecthyma in Sheep and Goats https://www.msdvetmanual.com/integumentary-system/pox-diseases/contagious-ecthyma-in-sheep-and-goats)
A transponder is a device that, upon receiving a signal, emits a different signal in response. The term is a blend of transmitter and responder. (Wikipedia. 2025. Transponder. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transponder)
Anchusa azurea, commonly known as alkanet or Italian bugloss, is a coarse, hairy, spring-blooming, clump-forming, short-lived perennial of the borage family that typically grows to 3-5’ tall. (Missouri Botanical Garden. nd. Anchusa azurea. https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=277966)
Bonamia exitiosa is a Haplosporidia protozoan parasite infecting haemocytes of several oyster species and inducing physiological disorders and eventually death of the animal. (https://www.woah.org/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/aahm/current/2.4.02_B_EXIT.pdf)
Quercus aucheri is a species of oak tree in the Fagaceae family. It is found in limited portions of the Aegean islands of Greece and parts of Anatolian Turkey. (https://en.wikipedia.org)
Cymbopogon flexuosus, also called Cochin grass, East-Indian lemon grass or Malabar grass, is a perennial grass native to India, Sri Lanka, Burma, and Thailand. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbopogon_flexuosus)
The term “repetitive sequences” (repeats, DNA repeats, repetitive DNA) refers to homologous DNA fragments that are present in multiple copies in the genome. (Pathak, D., Ali, S., 2012, 'Repetitive DNA: A Tool to Explore Animal Genomes/Transcriptomes', in G. Meroni, F. Petrera (eds.), Functional Genomics, IntechOpen, London. 10.5772/48259.)
The death of all or a part of a plant or animal or fish population due to exposure to cold temperatures or inclement weather conditions during winter. For example, a plant killed by exposure to winter conditions, or the loss of animals in a lake, pond or other water body as a result of heavy ice cover, which restricts photosynthesis and leads to an oxygen depletion. (Adapted from https://lod.nal.usda.gov/nalt/193011 and ASFA Thesaurus)
Citrus myrtifolia, the myrtle-leaved orange tree, is a species of Citrus with foliage similar to that of the common myrtle. It is a compact tree with small leaves and no thorns which grows to a height of three metres and can be found in Malta, Libya, the south of France and Italy (primarily in Liguria, typically Savona, and also in Tuscany, Sicily and Calabria). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus_myrtifolia)
Acer heldreichii is a species of maple in the flowering plant family Sapindaceae.Commonly called Balkan maple, Greek maple, Heldreich's maple, or mountain maple, the species is native to the Balkan Peninsula east along the southern and eastern coasts of the Black Sea. (Wikipedia.2025. Acer heldreichii https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acer_heldreichii)
A lecture is an oral presentation intended to present information or teach people about a particular subject, for example by a university or college teacher. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecture)
CAS No. 51-79-6. Antineoplastic agent that is also used as a veterinary anesthetic. It has also been used as an intermediate in organic synthesis. Urethane is suspected to be a carcinogen. (National Library of Medicine. MeSH (Medical Subject Headings),, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68014520.)
The study of climate, ie of long-term environmental conditions that are associated in part with the presence or absence of various communities. In terrestrial systems the seasonal distribution of temperature and precipitation as well as insolation are important determinants; in the sea the seasonal distribution of insolation is the main determinant of climate, modified variously by advective hydrography. (Johnson, R.K., B.J. Zahuranec, D. Boltovskoy and A.C. Pierrot-Bults. 2000. Glossary of Pelagic Biogeographic Terms.
https://scor-int.org/Working_Groups/WG93_Glossary.pdf)
Note
For climate science (scientific knowledge and analysis supporting the understanding of climate impacts and the development of evidence-based responses), see "climate science" <c_681d7b57>.
Cottonseed hulls are the outer coverings of cotton seeds, and the by-products of the dehulling necessary for cottonseed oil extraction. (https://www.feedipedia.org/node/743)
