Watermelon Mosaic Virus (WMV) is in the genus Potyvirus. It is spread by feeding aphids and can affect summer and winter squash, zucchini, gourds, and pumpkins. This disease is widespread in Utah watermelon and squash production and occasional in cantaloupe. (Utah State University, 2024. Watermelon Mosaic Virus https://extension.usu.edu/planthealth/ipm/notes_ag/veg-watermelon-mosaic-virus)
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Original name of the plant virus, Watermelon mosaic virus, was changed as Watermelon mosaic virus 2 (WMV 2) in 1982 (ICTV 4th Report). In 1999 ICTV Executive Committee reinstated the virus name, Water mosaic virus. On the basis of genomic sequence of 3' untranslated region, WMV 2 and Soybean mosaic virus - N strain (SMV-N) could be regarded as strains of one virus (Frenkel, MJ, et al., 1989). A virus isolated from Vanilla fragrans was assigned as a strain of Watermelon mosaic virus 2 based on 2006 ICTV Universal Virus Database. Do not confuse with Watermelon mosaic virus 1 (also known as Papaya ringspot virus - type W). These two potyvirus species could be distinguished serologically and by nucleotide sequences.
Infection with Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Streptococcus suis. It is a significant disease in pigs, primarily affecting postweaned piglets and causing septicemia with sudden death, meningitis, arthritis, and endocarditis. Apart from pigs (including wild boars), it can occasionally be found in other animals such as horses, dogs, cats and birds. Human infection by S. suis occurs mainly in adults. ( Adapted from Hong Kong Department of Health. 2024. Streptococcus suis Infection https://www.chp.gov.hk/en/healthtopics/content/24/3648.html and https://www.merckvetmanual.com/generalized-conditions/streptococcal-infections-in-pigs/streptococcus-suis-infection-in-pigs)
The process whereby two tectonic plates converge and one sinks beneath the other. (Your Backyard–An Educator's Guide https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/19/downloads/Appendixes/V_Glossary.pdf)
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A continental plate of greater density forced beneath an adjoining plate
Nanofiltration (NF) is a relatively recent membrane filtration process used most often with low total dissolved solids water such as surface water and fresh groundwater, with the purpose of softening (polyvalent cation removal) and removal of disinfection by-product precursors such as natural organic matter and synthetic organic matter. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanofiltration)
Western boundary currents are warm, deep, narrow, and fast flowing currents that form on the west side of ocean basins due to western intensification. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_current)
Degrees Brix (symbol °Bx) is a measure of the dissolved solids in a liquid, and is commonly used to measure dissolved sugar content of an aqueous solution. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brix)
Earthquake prediction is a branch of the science of seismology concerned with the specification of the time, location, and magnitude of future earthquakes within stated limits, and particularly "the determination of parameters for the next strong earthquake to occur in a region". (Wikipedia. 2025. Earthquake prediction https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake_prediction)
Forms to which substances are incorporated to improve the delivery and the effectiveness of drugs. Drug carriers are used in drug-delivery systems such as the controlled-release technology to prolong in vivo drug actions, decrease drug metabolism, and reduce drug toxicity. Carriers are also used in designs to increase the effectiveness of drug delivery to the target sites of pharmacological actions. (DeCS/MESH. 2025. Drug carriers. https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=22882)
The term temperature anomaly means a departure from a reference value or long-term average. A positive anomaly indicates that the observed temperature was warmer than the reference value, while a negative anomaly indicates that the observed temperature was cooler than the reference value. (National Centers for Environmental Information, 2024. Global Surface Temperature Anomalies. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/global-temperature-anomalies)
Climate zones are areas with distinct climates. These zones might correspond to weather patterns, latitude, or communities of plants and animals. There are many climate classification systems, which define zones based on different climatic factors or combinations of factors. (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/climate/climate-explained/climate-zones)
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Use for areas having identical climates; for the physical phenomenon "climate" use <1665>
Taphrina pruni is a fungal plant pathogen of blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) that causes the pocket or bladder plum gall, a chemically induced distortion of the fruit (sloes), producing swollen on one side, otherwise deformed and flattened fruit gall without a stone. (Wikipedia. 2025. Taphrina pruni https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taphrina_pruni)
The share of total population living in urban areas living on less than US$3.10 per capita per day. (The State of Food and Agriculture 2017, SOFA, FAO, 2017 (MT560).)
Forest governance is defined as the way in which public and private actors, including formal and informal institutions, smallholder and indigenous organizations, small, medium-sized and large enterprises, civil-society organizations and other stakeholders negotiate, make and enforce binding decisions about the management, use and conservation of forest resources. (http://www.fao.org/sustainable-forest-management/toolbox/modules/forest-governance/basic-knowledge/)
Parabemisia myricae is a polyphagous species. Its major hosts include Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl. (camphor laurel), Citrus, Cucurbitaceae (cucurbits), D. kaki Thunb. (persimmon), Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. (loquat), Morus alba L. (white mulberry) and Pyrus (pears). The species is also recorded from wild hosts, including Betula (birch), Rhododendron (azalea) and Salix (willow) species. Parabemisia myricae is considered to be one of the six most injurious whitefly pests, causing a problem mainly on Citrus. (Gerber, Esther & Schaffner, U.. (2016). Exotic insect biocontrol agents released in Europe.. 10.1079/9781786390790.0009.)
Synthetic varieties are open-pollinated populations derived from the intercrossing of selected plants or lines and subsequently maintained by routine mass selection procedures from isolated plantings. (Lonnquist, John H., "Progress from Recurrent Selection Procedures for the Improvement of Corn Populations" (1961). Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station (1913-1993). 155.
http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ardhistrb/155)
