A slow-or controlled-release formulation in the form of a polymer matrix providing long-lasting effects. It is intended to be applied directly. (http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/agphome/documents/Pests_Pesticides/Specs/JMPS_Manual_2016/3rd_Amendment_JMPS_Manual.pdf)
Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm) is a nematode that causes dracunculiasis, also known as guinea worm disease. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dracunculus_medinensis)
Structure of bedding, the separation of sediments into layers that either differ from one another in textures, composition, colour, or weathering characteristics. (Adapted from https://opentextbc.ca/geology/chapter/6-4-sedimentary-structures-and-fossils/)
Tuta absoluta is a species of moth in family Gelechiidae known by the common names tomato leafminer and South American tomato moth. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuta_absoluta)
Capoeta trutta, the longspine scraper, is a species cyprinid fish from the Middle East. It is known from inland waters in Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey, and is often quite abundant. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capoeta_trutta)
Petroleum geology is the application of geology (the study of rocks) to the exploration for and production of oil and gas. (Richard C. Selley, Stephen A. Sonnenberg, in Elements of Petroleum Geology (Third Edition), 2015)
A crop residue which is the cut stalks of cereal plants left sticking out of the ground after the grain is harvested. (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/AGRO_00002009)
Neoerysiphe galeopsidis is a species complex of powdery mildews in the family Erysiphaceae. It affects a large variety of different hosts in multiple plant families including the Acanthaceae and Lamiaceae. (Wikipedia. 2025. Neoerysiphe galeopsidis https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoerysiphe_galeopsidis)
There exists no clear definition for what are called facultative or alternative wheats. According to Stelmakh (1998), they are usually characterized by strong photosensitivity and partial sensitivity to vernalization. Facultative wheats have, compared to true winter wheats, in general less cold tolerance, a shorter but distinct period required for vernalization, start growth in spring earlier and flower earlier. They are mainly grown in areas with milder winters, areas with late fall rains or when late sowing is required due to tight crop rotations. (http://www.fao.org/3/y4011e0f.htm)
Phalaris canariensis is an annual grass widely grown commercially in various parts of the world, almost exclusively for the use of the seed for feeding ornamental birds, for hay and forage for animal feed and as an ornamental grass. (https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/39971)
Sustaining peace encompasses activities aimed at preventing the outbreak, escalation, continuation and recurrence of conflict, addressing root causes, assisting parties to conflict to end hostilities, ensuring national reconciliation, and moving towards recovery, reconstruction and development. (Adapted from S/RES/2282 (2016) https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2282%20(2016))
Food fraud is the intentional adulteration of food for financial gain. This can include deliberate substitution, dilution, counterfeiting, or misrepresentation of food, ingredients or packaging; or even false or misleading statements made about a product. (FAO & WHO. 2017. Codex Alimentarius. It’s time for fixed definitions for food fraud and food integrity https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/news-and-events/news-details/en/c/897028/)
Note
Food fraud usually involves misleading the purchaser as to the true nature, substance or quality of the goods demanded; thus, food standards and labelling are breached. The offence can take the form of adulteration, which generally involves the dilution of a commodity with less expensive materials. A cheaper food may also be represented as if it were a food of greater value.
