Raisins is the product prepared from the sound dried grapes of the varieties conforming to the characteristics of Vitis vinifera L. (but excluding currant types) processed in an appropriate manner into a form of marketable raisin with or without coating with suitable optional ingredients. (FAO & WHO. 2019. Standard for Raisins. Codex Standard, CXS 67-1981. Codex Alimentarius Commission. Rome. https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius)
Food waste refers to the decrease in the quantity or quality of food resulting from decisions and actions by retailers, food service providers and consumers. (FAO. 2019. The State of Food and Agriculture 2019. Moving forward on food loss and waste reduction. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/CA6030EN)
Note
Often food waste occurs because food has spoiled but it can be for other reasons such as oversupply due to markets, or individual consumer shopping/eating habits. For the decrease in the quantity or quality of food resulting from decisions and actions by food suppliers in the chain before the retail level, use “food losses” <c_d51558f0>. For waste products of foodstuffs (as a substance), use "food wastes" <c_3031>.
Epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) is a seasonal epizootic condition of great importance in wild and farmed freshwater and estuarine fishes. It has a complex infectious etiology, and according to some workers, it is clinically characterized by the presence of invasive Aphanomyces infection and necrotizing ulcerative lesions, typically leading to a granulomatous response. (Kar, Devashish. "Pathology of Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome." In Epizootic Ulcerative Fish Disease Syndrome, 83–93. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-802504-8.00005-5.)
Membrane transporters that co-transport two or more dissimilar molecules in the opposite direction across a membrane. Usually the transport of one ion or molecule is against its electrochemical gradient and is "powered" by the movement of another ion or molecule with its electrochemical gradient. (https://lod.nal.usda.gov/nalt/1600)
A reconstituted milk product is a product resulting from the addition of water to the dried or concentrated form of the product in the amount necessary to re-establish the appropriate water to solids ratio. (FAO & WHO. 2022. General Standard for the Use of Dairy Terms Codex Standard, No. CXS 206-1999. Rome. https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius)
Vertical circulation of seawater caused by density variations related to changes in salinity and temperature. (EBSCO. 2024. Deep Ocean Currents. https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/oceanography/deep-ocean-currents)
Parsnip mosaic virus (PMV) occurs commonly in parsnip in Britain and is transmitted after acquisition access periods of 2–5 min by the aphids Cavariella aegopodii, C. theobaldi and Myzus persicae. (Murant, A. F., et al. “Parsnip mosaic virus, a new member of the potato virus Y group.” Annals of Applied Biology, vol. 65, no. 1, Feb. 1970, pp. 127-135. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1970.tb04570.x.)
Coefficient of parentage is an index used to determine the level of diversity between crosses. A coefficient close to 0 indicates a very high level of diversity. A coefficient close to 1 indicates a very low level of diversity (or a high level of genetic similarity between the parents). (Frison, Christine ; Halewood, Michael. Annotated bibliography addressing the international pedigrees
and flows of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture SGRP. (2006) http://hdl.handle.net/2078/181715 )
A systematic process to acquire an accurate, thorough picture of the strengths and weaknesses of something, in order to improve it and meet existing and future challenges. (Various, Internet, 2010 (FAOTERM))
