Bidens tripartita is a common and widespread species of plants in the sunflower family, Asteraceae, commonly known as three-lobe beggarticks, three-part beggarticks, leafy-bracted beggarticks or trifid bur-marigold. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidens_tripartita)
Fusarium wilt is the most important disease of oil palm in western and central Africa and caused by Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. elaeidis. (https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/24639)
Extended shelf life technology refers to a set of techniques, processes, or methods employed to extend the period during which a product can be stored and remain safe to consume or use without significant quality degradation. (Food Processing Technologies: Comprehensive Reviews," edited by Amit K. Jaiswal, John Wiley & Sons, 2019.)
Hoplocampa flava, commonly referred to as the "plum sawfly" is a species of Hoplocampa sawfly. It has been found near the Mediterranean basin, Western Europe, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, the Caucasus and from Eastern Russia to the Ural Mountains. It has been known to be locally common in these areas. It is a common pest of plum orchards. (Wikipedia. 2025. Hoplocampa flava. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoplocampa_flava)
Vermicompost is the product of the composting process using various species of worms, usually red wigglers, white worms, and other earthworms, to create a mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermicompost)
Nanometer-sized, hollow, spherically-shaped objects that can be utilized to encapsulate small amounts of pharmaceuticals, enzymes, or other catalysts. (https://agclass.nal.usda.gov/mtwdk.exe?k=default&l=60&w=153873&n=1&s=5&t=2)
Salmo rizeensis, which was previously reported as Salmo trutta labrax and Salmo trutta macrostigma respectively by Zengin and Aksungur (2008) and Verep et al. (2016), is an endemic freshwater trout species, which prefers highly elevated large river systems. (Rezaei, Reza & Sengul, Hatice. (2018). Development of Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) for Salmo rizeensis Endemic to North-Eastern Streams of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 10.4194/1303-2712-v19_01_04.)
Radicchio is a perennial cultivated form of leaf chicory (Cichorium intybus, Asteraceae). It is grown as a leaf vegetable and usually has colorful white-veined red leaves that form a head. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radicchio)
A ploidy condition created when the chromosome set of haploid cells undergoes chromosome doubling, producing a genotype especially useful in plant breeding programs. (https://lod.nal.usda.gov/nalt/9954)
Paratuberculosis, also known as Johne’s disease, is a chronic, contagious bacterial disease of the intestinal tract that primarily affects sheep and cattle (most commonly dairy cattle), and goats as well as other ruminant species. The disease has also been reported in horses, pigs, deer, alpaca, llama, rabbits, stoat, fox, and weasel. Paratuberculosis is characterized by a slowly progressive wasting of the animal and increasingly severe diarrhoea. There is no treatment or cure for this disease. (https://www.woah.org/en/disease/paratuberculosis/)
The component of the treatment units of a culture system in which the removal of organic matter takes place and dissolved metabolic by-products are converted (mainly oxidized) as a result of micro-biological activity. The most important processes are the degradation of organics by heterotrophic bacteria and the oxidation of ammonia via nitrite to nitrate. (FAO. 2008. Glossary of aquaculture. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/a1555m)
Chlamydophila pneumoniae is a species of Chlamydophila, an obligate intracellular bacterium that infects humans and is a major cause of pneumonia. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydophila_pneumoniae)
