Horizontal transmission is the transmission of organisms between biotic and/or abiotic members of an ecosystem that are not in a parent-progeny relationship. This concept has been generalized to include transmissions of infectious agents, symbionts, and cultural traits between humans. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_transmission)
A group of organisms within a species, having distinctive characteristics but not usually considered a separate variety or breed. For example, resistance to specific antibiotics is characteric for certain strains of bacteria. (https://www.emf-portal.org/en/glossary/3388)
A submarine feature which is that part of the continental margin lying between the continental slope and the abyssal plain. It is usually a gentle slope with gradients of ½ degree or less and a generally smooth surface consisting of sediments. (United Nations, 1989. The Law of the Sea. Baselines: An examination of the relevant provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Office for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, UN)
Actinomycosis is a rare subacute to chronic infection caused by the gram-positive filamentous non-acid fast anaerobic to microaerophilic bacteria, Actinomyces. The infection is usually a granulomatous and suppurative infection. (Sharma S, Hashmi MF, Valentino III DJ. Actinomycosis. [Updated 2023 Aug 7]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482151/)
Scour marks are negative relief features produced as a result of erosion of a sediment surface by the current flowing over it, formed via the impingement of usually sediment-laden eddies on beds. ((Reineck and Singh 1980), (Dzulynsky and Saunders 1962). IN Várkonyiv P., Hargitai H. (2014) Scour Marks. In: Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9213-9_546-1)
The record derives from WCSP which reports it as an accepted name (record 300423) with original publication details: Syst. Veg. 7(2): 586 1830. (http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-300423)
Bovine genital campylobacteriosis (BGC) is a venereal disease also known as bovine venereal campylobacteriosis. The causal agent of this sexually transmissible disease is Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv), one of three subspecies of C. fetus. Bovine infections with Cfv are associated with infertility, early embryonic death, and abortion with considerable economic losses. (https://www.woah.org/en/disease/bovine-genital-campylobacteriosis/)
Acid whey is the fluid milk product obtained during the manufacture of cheese, casein or similar products by separation from the curd after coagulation of milk and/or of products obtained from milk. Coagulation is obtained, principally, by acidification. (FAO & WHO. 2022. Standard for Whey Powders. Codex Standard, No. CXS 289-1995. Rome. https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius)
Soil–plant–atmosphere continuum is the near-surface environment in which water and energy transfer occurs from soil through plants to the atmosphere. (Sławiński, C., Sobczuk, H. (2011). Soil–Plant–Atmosphere Continuum. In: Gliński, J., Horabik, J., Lipiec, J. (eds) Encyclopedia of Agrophysics. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3585-1_141)
Bilberries, or European blueberries, are a primarily Eurasian species of low-growing shrubs in the genus Vaccinium (family Ericaceae), bearing edible, dark blue berries. The species most often referred to is Vaccinium myrtillus L., but there are several other closely related species (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilberry)
Note
Bilberries are distinct from blueberries, but closely related to them. The bilberry is native to Europe, including the British Isles, while the blueberry is native to North America.
Epizootic lymphangitis is a debilitating fungal disease, caused by some isolates of Histoplasma capsulatum, which mainly occurs in equids. Its most common form is an ulcerative, suppurative, spreading dermatitis and lymphangitis; however, some animals can develop lesions in other organs, particularly the respiratory tract or eye. (Spickler, Anna Rovid. 2019.Epizootic Lymphangitis. Retrieved from https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/epizootic_lymphangitis.pdf Cited 31 October 2023.)
An ingredient in a medicine that increases or modifies the activity of the other ingredients. Adjuvants are often included in vaccines to enhance the body’s immune response. (European Medicines Agency, 2024. Adjuvant. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/glossary/adjuvant)
Note
Biologically inactive ingredients enhancing effectiveness of drugs or pesticides; for combined pesticides showing synergism use PESTICIDE SYNERGISTS; for adjuvants in technology use PROCESSING AIDS
Directory: a book or online resource listing individuals or organizations alphabetically or thematically with details such as names, addresses, and other facts; can also be a directory of other information. (AGROVOC Team)
