AGROVOC

Group of genetically identical individuals, such as plants, fungi, or bacteria, that have grown in a given location, all originating vegetatively, not sexually, from a single ancestor (ASFA Thesuarus)

Collaborative efforts between countries, organizations, and other entities to achieve shared objectives, particularly in areas like agriculture, food security, and sustainable development. This cooperation can be global or regional and involves sharing knowledge, resources, and strategies to address common challenges. (FAOLEX. 2025. Glossary https://www.fao.org/faolex/)

Cash transfers refer to sums of money provided to beneficiaries. The sum of money provided is linked to the objective of the transfer. When intended to provide access to food (i.e. for food assistance), the amount of cash is generally equal to the local market value of food transfers. Cash transfers can be also provided for non-food purposes (e.g. for shelter or to meet other basic needs), hence entailing different amounts of money to beneficiaries. (https://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/newsroom/wfp228797.pdf)

Foods for human consumption originating from animals grown in, or harvested from, water. They include foods from all types of aquatic animals, with the exception of aquatic mammals and reptiles. (FAO. 2024. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics – Yearbook 2021. FAO Yearbook of Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc9523en)

A bacterial infection caused by species of Chlamydia or Chlamydophila. (https://lod.nal.usda.gov/nalt/196343)

A meromictic lake is a lake which has layers of water that do not intermix. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meromictic_lake)

In structural geology, a syncline is a fold with younger layers closer to the center of the structure, whereas an anticline is the inverse of a syncline. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncline)

The term ‘seed system’ is understood in various ways. It is often understood as referring to the organized, formal mechanisms through which farmers obtain seed and through which seed quality can be guaranteed. These formal seed systems consist of chains of interlinked activities, starting from genetic resource management, breeding research and crop improvement, through seed multiplication, marketing and distribution, to use of the seed by farmers. However, farmers, especially those in developing countries, obtain seed from many sources, including producing their own seed and exchanging seed with neighbours, and these ‘informal’ systems must be taken into account in any consideration of seed systems. (http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/agphome/documents/PGR/SoW2/tbs_Seed_Systems_081209.pdf)

This soil function describes the potential of soil to produce below- and above ground biomass. In agricultural land this function is central for food security. (BonaRes project)

A documented system for assuring that personnel, facilities, equipment and utensils are clean and where necessary, sanitised to specified levels prior to and during operations. (CAC/RCP 58-2005, FAO, 2005)

Mesopelagic fishes are those fishes residing primarily between 200 and 1 000 m depth during daytime. (Mostarda, E., Harold, A.S., Sutton, T.T. & Hulley, P.A. 2023. Identification guide to the mesopelagic fishes of the western Indian Ocean. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc7822en)

Measures undertaken for the conservation, protection, utilization, and management of coastal areas. (FAOLEX. 2025. Glossary https://www.fao.org/faolex/)

Burgundy mixture, named after the French district where it was first used to treat grapes and vines, is a mixture of copper sulfate and sodium carbonate. CAS NO. 11125-96-5 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgundy_mixture)

DNA extraction is the process of separation of DNA from membranes, proteins and other cellular material contained in the cell. (Sharma, Diksha & Singh, V.P. & Singh, Rajesh & Joshi, Chandra & Sharma, Vinamra. (2021). Isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from natural resources: Metabolomics and molecular approaches. 10.1016/B978-0-12-821710-8.00004-7.)

Common scales of pistachio trees, found in Gaziantep province were identified as Suturaspis (Salisicola) pistaciae Lindinger, Pistaciaspis (Lepidosaphes) pistaciae Arch. Eulecanium ru­gulosum Ash., and Anapulvinaria pistaciae Boden. (http://arastirma.tarim.gov.tr/zmmae/Belgeler/Sol%20Menu/Yay%C4%B1nlar/Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rma%20Y%C4%B1ll%C4%B1klar%C4%B1/ZMAY_1992_20-21.pdf)