The structure found at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes containing specialized repetitive (and widely conserved across species) DNA sequences, which are necessary to assure the completion of a cycle of DNA replication. (FAO Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture, 2012)
Chemical substance sought or determined in a sample. (Guidelines on Analytical Terminology (CAC/GL 72-2009); Guidelines on Performance Criteria for Methods of Analysis for the Determination of Pesticide Residues in Food and Feed, Adopted in 2017, FAO/WHO (CAC/GL 90-2017).)
Chinese yam is used both for Dioscorea oppositifolia (formerly Dioscorea opposita) and for the important food crop, Dioscorea polystachya, formerly Dioscorea batatas, which can lead to confusion. (Ref. GBIF, Crop Trust and Leiden University).
The areca (betel) nut is the seed of the areca palm (Areca catechu), which grows in much of the tropical Pacific, Asia, and parts of East Africa. It is commonly referred to as betel nut, as it is often chewed wrapped in betel leaves. (Sahand Rahnama-Moghadam, L. David Hillis, Richard A. Lange,
Chapter 3 - Environmental Toxins and the Heart,
Editor(s): Meenakshisundaram Ramachandran,
Heart and Toxins,
Academic Press,
2015,
Pages 75-132,
ISBN 9780124165953,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-416595-3.00003-7.)
Cocoa pulp is a moist white fibrous layer that covers the fresh cocoa beans. Cocoa pulp occurs as a by-product of cocoa bean production and can be repurposed to different food applications, such as jams, fruit preparations and beverages, improving the sustainability of cocoa production, as well as the livelihoods of cocoa farmers. (Bickel Haase, T., Schweiggert-Weisz, U., Ortner, E., Zorn, H., & Naumann, S. (2021). Aroma Properties of Cocoa Fruit Pulp from Different Origins. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 26(24), 7618. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26247618)
A typical phosphoprotein that constitutes the largest proportion of total casein and is extremely sensitive to calcium. (Translated from http://www.tubaterim.gov.tr/)
Adansonia rubrostipa, commonly known as fony baobab, is one of the nine species of baobab identified to date, and one of the six indigenous to Madagascar, within the family Malvaceae. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adansonia_rubrostipa)
Wood gasification is the process of heating wood in an oxygen-starved environment until volatile pyrolysis gases (carbon monoxide and hydrogen) are released from the wood. (https://agclass.nal.usda.gov/mtwdk.exe?k=default&l=60&w=305382&n=1&s=5&t=2)
A semi-evergreen tree, to 8m high or more, with leathery, simple or shallowly 3-lobed, dark green leaves, often curved downwards at the edges. (Royal Horticultural Society. 2025. Acer obtusifolium. https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/26065/acer-obtusifolium/details)
The word ivory is used to identify any mammalian tooth or tusk that is of commercial interest, with elephant tusks being the most sought after due to their large size. (IFAW. 2024. What is ivory? https://www.ifaw.org/international/journal/what-is-ivory)
Biodrainage is defined as the process of removing the excess soil water through transpiration using bio-energy of the plant and radiation energy of the sun. (https://www.icid.org/report_bmw_n_ss.pdf)
Transverse bars are downstream migrating sands oriented transversly to the flow direction in relatively straight sand-rich channels. (https://oeit.mit.edu/pgt/index-part=1.0.2.4.html)
