For statistical purposes: taken to mean eggs, spawn, offspring, progeny or brood of the aquatic organism (including aquatic plants) being cultured. At this infantile stage, seed may also be referred to or known as fry, larvae, postlarvae, spat, and fingerlings. They may originate from two principal sources: from captive breeding programmes or caught from the wild. (Rana, K.J. (1997) Guidelines on the collection of structural aquaculture statistics. Supplement to the Programme for the World Census of Agriculture 2000. FAO Statistical Development Ser. (5b): 56 p. Rome, FAO.)
An atom or group connecting adjacent molecules in a complex molecular structure. (Forest Products Laboratory. 2010. Wood handbook - Wood as an engineering material. Gen. Tech. Rep. FPL-GTR-190. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory)
Betaflexiviridae is a family of viruses in the order Tymovirales. Plants and fungi serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with this family include mosaic and ringspot symptoms. (Wikipedia, 2024. Betaflexiviridae. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betaflexiviridae)
Racemization is a chemical reaction that transforms an optically active compound into an optically inactive form. (Chapter 8 - Reactions of coordination compounds in the solid state. In Developments in Physical & Theoretical Chemistry, Dynamic Processes in Solids. Elsevier. 2023, pp207-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818876-7.00010-6)
A break on the skin, in the lining of an organ, or on the surface of a tissue. An ulcer forms when the surface cells become inflamed, die, and are shed. Ulcers may be linked to cancer and other diseases. (National Cancer Institute, 2024. NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. Ulcer. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/ulcer)
Job’s Tears (Coix lacryma-jobi) are native to the Indo-Myanmar region. They are used as food and herbal medicine in Asian countries such as China, Japan, the Philippines, Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka and India. (Adapted from FAO. 2023. Millets recipe book - International Year of Millets 2023. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc8019en)
Personal bibliographies compile works by, about, or belonging to a specific person or group of people. Personal bibliographies are usually created for people deemed to have been historically significant. (https://guides.library.illinois.edu/c.php?g=663593&p=4663649)
A liquid homogeneous formulation to be applied as a solid dispersion after dilution in water. (http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/agphome/documents/Pests_Pesticides/Specs/JMPS_Manual_2016/3rd_Amendment_JMPS_Manual.pdf)
Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) causes an acute highly contagious upper respiratory tract infection in turkeys and chickens. The disease is referred to as turkey rhinotracheitis in turkeys and swollen head syndrome (SHS) in chickens. Rhinotracheitis in turkeys is perhaps the most economically important disease caused by aMPV amongst poultry species. (Adapted from Behboudi, S. (2022) ‘turkey rhinotracheitis’, CABI Compendium. CABI. doi: 10.1079/cabicompendium.60956. Cited 30 October 2023.)
Stygofauna are subterranean aquatic fauna that live part of or all of their lives in groundwater systems such as aquifers or underground caves. (Adapted from State of Queensland (Department of Environment, Science and Innovation), 2018. Biological assessment. Environmental Protection (Water) Policy 2009 - Monitoring and Sampling Manual
https://environment.desi.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0029/90767/biological-assessment-background-information-on-sampling-bores-for-stygofauna.pdf)
Pesticide residue means any specified substance in food, agricultural commodities, or animal feed resulting from the use of a pesticide. The term includes any derivatives of a pesticide, such as conversion products, metabolites, reaction products, and impurities considered to be of toxicological significance.metabolites, reaction products, and impurities considered to be of toxicological significance. (FAO and WHO. 2023. Codex Alimentarius Commission Procedural Manual. Twenty-eighth edition, revised. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc5042en)
Bonamiosis is a lethal infection of the haemocytes of flat oysters, sometimes accompanied by yellow discoloration and extensive lesions on the gills and mantle. Most of the infected oysters appear normal. Bonamiosis is caused by the haplosporidians Bonamia ostreae, B. exitiosus and Mikrocytos roughleyi. (Adapted from Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, 2023. BONAMIOSIS https://www.cefas.co.uk/international-database-on-aquatic-animal-diseases/disease-data)
Nanoencapsulation is a technique based on enclosing a bioactive compound in liquid, solid or gaseous states within a matrix or inert material for preserving the coated substance (food or flavor molecules/ingredients). (Pateiro M, Gómez B, Munekata PES, Barba FJ, Putnik P, Kovačević DB, Lorenzo JM. Nanoencapsulation of Promising Bioactive Compounds to Improve Their Absorption, Stability, Functionality and the Appearance of the Final Food Products. Molecules. 2021 Mar 11;26(6):1547. doi: 10.3390/molecules26061547. PMID: 33799855; PMCID: PMC7999092.)
Acid phosphatase (AP) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphate esters in an acidic environment. This chemical reaction is essential to different metabolic processes. Therefore, AP exists in several biological kingdoms, including plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria. (Alshami A, Varon J. Acid Phosphatase. [Updated 2022 Nov 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556039/)
