The process of identifying and recording of distinctive characters, qualities, or properties of an organism, substance, material, process or system. For crops and animals, this may involve recording highly heritable characters that can be easily seen and are expressed in all environments. (Adapted from FAO. 2014. Genebank Standards for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rev. ed. Rome. https://www.fao.org/3/i3704e/i3704e.pdf ; and CGIAR Crop Genebank Knowledge Base, Glossary "Characterization" https://cropgenebank.sgrp.cgiar.org/index.php/component/glossary/Glossary-1/C/Characterization-69/)
Cress (Lepidium sativum), sometimes referred to as garden cress (or curly cress) to distinguish it from similar plants also referred to as cress, is a rather fast-growing, edible herb. Garden cress is genetically related to watercress and mustard, sharing their peppery, tangy flavour and aroma. (Wikipedia, 2024. Garden cress. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_cress)
Vernalization is a physiological process in which flowering in plants is stimulated after they have been exposed to a period of low temperature. (AGROVOC Team)
Note
Holding germinating seed in darkness and low temperatures to induce subsequent early flowering
Microbial diversity comprises the variety that is observed within highly genetically distinct groups, namely, bacteria, archaea, cyanobacteria, fungi, and viruses. (Vitorino LC, Bessa LA. Microbial Diversity: The Gap between the Estimated and the Known. Diversity. 2018; 10(2):46. https://doi.org/10.3390/d10020046)
The intersection of pressure surfaces and density surfaces within the atmosphere. In its most common sense, it is the intersection of contours (contours) and isotherms (isotherms), meaning that advection occurs. (Translated from Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü. 2025. Meteoroloji Sözlüğü. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/genel/meteorolojisozlugu.aspx?m=B&k=aa12)
The real-time exchange of information, advice and opinions among experts, community leaders or officials and the people who are at risk or who have a direct influence on risk mitigation due to their practices or behaviour. (WHO, OIE and FAO. 2020. Joint Risk Assessment Operational Tool (JRA OT): An Operational Tool of the Tripartite Zoonoses Guide – Taking a Multisectoral, One Health Approach: A Tripartite Guide to Addressing Zoonotic Diseases in Countries. Geneva. https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/CB1520EN)
Any obstacle encountered by a vessel in route posing risk or danger to the vessel, its contents or the environment. (https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/5550)
Acid detergent fibre (ADF) is an estimator of the content in cellulose, lignin, cutine and insoluble minerals in the cell wall and it is determined as the residue remaining after the digestion of the sample with an acid detergent solution (made up of diluted sulphuric acid and cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide). (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6770578/)
Security of tenure is the guarantee of continued occupancy or use rights whether by virtue of formal rights, customary rules or other forms of assurance. (Multilingual thesaurus on land tenure (English version)
ISBN 92-5-104283-7
http://www.fao.org/3/a-x2038e.pdf)
Metamorphic rocks were once igneous or sedimentary rocks, but have been changed (metamorphosed) as a result of intense heat and/or pressure within the Earth’s crust. (https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/ks3/gsl/education/resources/rockcycle/page3459.html)
Adult-plant resistance (APR) is a type of genetic resistance in cereals that is effective during the later growth stages and can protect plants from a range of disease-causing pathogens. (Dinglasan E, Periyannan S, Hickey LT. Harnessing adult-plant resistance genes to deploy durable disease resistance in crops. Essays Biochem. 2022 Sep 30;66(5):571-580. doi: 10.1042/EBC20210096. PMID: 35912968; PMCID: PMC9528086.)
