AGROVOC

Seed treatment refers to the application of fungicide, insecticide, or a combination of both, to seeds so as to disinfect and disinfest them from seed-borne or soil-borne pathogenic organisms and storage insects. (Breithaupt, J. 2012. Seed treatment – Chemistry. In: ecoport.org. http://ecoport.org/ep?searchType=glossaryShow&glossaryId=62682&viewType=F)

A seedbed or seedling bed is the local soil environment in which seeds are planted. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seedbed)

Tillage carried out after primary tillage and at shallower depths, to provide additional soil pulverisation, crop chemical mixing, soil surface levelling, firming and weed control, (Gaois research group https://www.gaois.ie/ga/terminology?Query=ploughing)

The area density of a seed (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/AGRO_00000202)

A very young plant that has grown from seed. (FAO and Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, the United Republic of Tanzania. 2024. Forests for a sustainable future: education modules for primary schools – Teacher's book: Module 1 Forest products, plants and animals. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc4628en)

The ripened ovule, consisting of an embryonic plant together with a store of food or other structure including the ovule, used by farmers as planting material. (FAO, 2010. Seeds in Emergencies, FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper No. 202, http://www.fao.org/3/a-i1816e.pdf)

For genes, the separation of allele pairs from one another and their resulting assortment into different cells at meiosis. For chromosomes, the separation and re-assortment of the two homologues in anaphase of the first meiotic division. For individuals, the occurrence of different genotypes and/or phenotypes among offspring, resulting from chromosome or allele separation in their heterozygous parents. (FAO, 2012. FAO Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture)

Using a seine net to harvest fish, usually for sampling or partial harvesting purposes. (Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, FAO, 2014.)

Presence or absence, at the present time, of a pest in an area, including where appropriate its distribution, as officially determined using expert judgement on the basis of current and historical pest records and other information. (IPPC Secretariat. 2023. Glossary of phytosanitary terms. International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures No. 5. Rome. FAO on behalf of the Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention https://www.ippc.int/en/publications/622/)

An island structure in the tropics or subtropics consisting of low sand islands with fringing or barrier coral reefs in a more or less ringlike structure surrounding a lagoon. (Johnson, R.K., B.J. Zahuranec, D. Boltovskoy and A.C. Pierrot-Bults. 2000. Glossary of Pelagic Biogeographic Terms. https://scor-int.org/Working_Groups/WG93_Glossary.pdf)

Seismology studies earthquakes and the propagation of seismic waves through the Earth or through other planet-like bodies. (European Plate Observing System, 2024. https://www.epos-­eu.org/)

The process, natural or artificial, of selecting or choosing, generally thereby eliminating some elements. (AGROVOC team)

Self-sufficiency are the state in which a person, being, or system needs little or no help from, or interaction with others. A group is considered self-sufficient by its ability to produce all the materials it consumes and to consume what it produces. (Adapted from Wikipedia. 2025. Self-sustainability https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-sustainability and FAO and Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT. 2021. Indigenous Peoples’ food systems: Insights on sustainability and resilience from the front line of climate change. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb5131en)

Aeration systems used in aquaria, aquaculture, diving and lakes (ASFA Thesaurus)

Self-fertilization (within a flower) without the need of a pollinator. (Adapted from The pollination of cultivated plants: a compendium for practitioners, FAO, 2018 (http://www.fao.org/3/i9201en/I9201EN.pdf).)