Pea (Pisum sativum L.), one of the major legume crops worldwide, is widely grown due to its short growing period, low production cost, and high market value. Peas have a carbohydrate and protein content of 40 % to 50 % and 20 % to 30 %, respectively. Pea is considered to be a relatively inexpensive starch source compared to corn, wheat, and potato. (Wang N, Shi N, Fei H, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Li Z, Ruan C, Zhang D. Physicochemical, structural, and digestive properties of pea starch obtained via ultrasonic-assisted alkali extraction. Ultrason Sonochem. 2022 Sep;89:106136. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106136. Epub 2022 Aug 24. PMID: 36055014; PMCID: PMC9445431.)
An organism that harbors the sexually immature parasite and is required by the parasite to undergo development and complete its life cycle. It often acts as a vector of the parasite to reach its definitive host. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_(biology))
Note
Organisms on or in which an injurious organism undergoes only part of its life cycle
Pith: the soft, spongy tissue in the centre of the stem. (European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Caudullo, G., De Rigo, D., Mauri, A. et al., European atlas of forest tree species, Caudullo, G.(editor), De Rigo, D.(editor), Mauri, A.(editor), Houston Durrant, T.(editor), San-Miguel-Ayanz, J.(editor), Publications Office of the European Union, 2016, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/776635)
A small, unpaired gland situated in the sella turcica. It is connected to the hypothalamu by a short stalk which is called the infundibulum. Secretes pituitary hormones. (Adapted from MeSH. 2025. Pituitary Gland. https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D010902)
Hormones secreted by the pituitary gland including those from the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis), the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis), and the ill-defined intermediate lobe. Structurally, they include small peptides, proteins, and glycoproteins. They are under the regulation of neural signals (neurotransmitter) or neuroendocrine signals (hypothalamic hormones) from the hypothalamus as well as feedback from their targets such as adrenal cortex hormones; androgens; estrogens. (MeSH. 2025. Pituitary Hormones. https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D010907)
Zabrus iconiensis is a species of ground beetle in the Pelor subgenus that is endemic to Turkey. (Wikipedia. 2025. Zabrus iconiensis. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zabrus_iconiensis)
A highly vascularized mammalian fetal-maternal organ and major site of transport of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products. (MeSH, 2024. Placenta https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68010920)
